| Related sites for http://www.nap.edu/books/0309068916/html/ |
| P__E__Technikon_Department_of_Chemistry General information about the staff, students, courses offered as well as the research done in industrial catalysis, calorimetry, electrochemistry and environmental chemistry. | | Physical_Chemistry_and_Colloid_Science Department at the Wageningen University. | | BUBL_Link__Oceanographic_Data BUBL is an Internet-based library information service for the UK higher education community. Catalogues selected Internet resources in oceanography. | | Center_For_Ocean-Atmospheric_Prediction_Studies_(COAPS)_Library,_Florida_State_University Aims to provide an effective and properly managed information resource for the teaching, learning and research needs of all members of the Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies and thereafte | | Dalhousie_University Department of Oceanography Publication Library | | Department_of_Environmental_&_Ocean_Engineering_Library,_University_of_Tokyo Contains limited information at this time (site under test). | | Environmental_Science_Archives Consists of the Marine Environmental Science Collection of limited distribution documents, as well as archival fonds and bibliographies that document the activities of British Columbia scientists and | | Fisheries_and_Oceanography_Library,_University_of_Washington,_US Catalog, journal database, electronic journals and reference and information services provided by the University of Washington Libraries. | | Indian_Ocean_Rim_Region___Virtual_Library Contains searchable research data related to Social Development in the Indian Ocean Rim Region. | | Institute_of_Ocean_Sciences_Library,_Fisheries_and_Oceans,_Canada Includes policies, regulations, publications, indexes and bibliographies. Contact details. | | Intergovernmental_Oceanographic_Commission_(IOC)_Electronic_Library Free and unrestricted access to technical manuals, guides, IOC publications and a wealth of other reference documents. | | Marine_Biological_Laboratory/Woods_Hole_Oceanographic_Institution_Library,_US An open stack research library whose collections and services are developed and maintained for support of the Woods Hole scientific community. Contains over 200,000 volumes. Most of the holdings are s | | Matthew_Fontaine_Maury_Oceanographic_Library,_US_Naval_Oceanographic_Office Large technically diverse military-oriented collection of physical oceanography materials, including journals, maps, charts, tide tables, books, technical reports, conference proceedings and translati | | Maury_Oceanographic_Library United States Department of Defense oceanographic library. | | Miller_Marine_Biology_Library_at_Stanford_University Marine geology and physical oceanography indexes, catalogs and information resources. | | National_Marine_Biological_Library The NMBL contains one of the world's major collections of literature on aquatic sciences and fisheries, and acts as a marine biological sciences resource for the UK. | | National_Oceanic_&_Atmospheric_Administration_(NOAA)_Central_Library Comprehensive oceanographic collection available to students, researchers, scientists, and the general public for on-site use or through interlibrary loan service. The catalog is remotely accessible v | | National_Sea_Grant_Library Comprehensive collection of Sea Grant funded documents. Document database is searchable online and many documents are available as full-text PDFs. Hard copy loans are also available. | | Ocean_and_Coastal_Law_Center_Library,_University_of_Oregon The library is funded in part by the Oregon State University Sea Grant College Program as part of the law school's Ocean and Coastal Law Center. It is an essential information resource for Center, fac | | Pell_Marine_Science_Library,_University_of_Rhode_Island,_US Access the library's holdings via HELIN, the online catalog. The National Sea Grant Depository (NSGD), an archive of all Sea Grant funded documents) is also held here. Documents are lent all over the | | Rosenstiel_School_of_Marine_and_Atmospheric_Science_Library,_University_of_Miami,_US Has one of the major marine science collections in the United States and is especially strong in the literature of tropical oceanography, specifically of Florida, the Caribbean and Latin America. It s | | Scripps_Institution_of_Oceanography_Archives Collection and services on the history of oceanography: photographs, moving images, and personal papers of eminent oceanographers. | | Scripps_Institution_of_Oceanography_Library Oceanography, climatology, earth science & marine biology resources on the Internet maintained by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Library, University of California. | | UK_National_Oceanographic_Library Includes the Oceanis database system, containing over 255,000 records covering the fields of ocean and earth sciences. | | University_of_Washington_Oceanography_Information_Gateway Full listing of documents, bibliographies, data and other holdings held at Washington University Libraries. | | Wolfson_(Ocean_Sciences)_Library,_University_of_Wales_Bangor Contains books, periodicals, theses, reports and materials in microform on all subjects of interest to the School of Ocean Sciences. Appropriate indexes and abstracts are in stock, and online bibliogr | | World-Wide_Web_Virtual_Library__Oceanography A virtual library referencing oceanography related universities, organisations, conferences and other information resources. | | GEOS-Chem_model A global three-dimensional model of atmospheric composition driven by assimilated meteorological observations from the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) | | GO_CART_model Simulates major tropospheric aerosol components, including sulfate, dust, black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), and sea-salt aerosols. | | IMAGE_-_Atmospheric_Chemistry Calculates the concentrations of the most important greenhouse gases and other reactive gases. | | MOZART_(Model_of_Ozone_and_Related_Tracers) A global chemistry and transport model | | RIAM-CFORS_(Chemical_weather_FORecast_System) A global chemical transformation and transport model. | | Unified_Chemistry_Transport_Model_(UCTM)__Model Designed and developed to study both tropospheric and stratospheric photochemistry. | | A_Collection_of_Lecture_Notes Various topics by Franz Lemmermeyer. | | Elementary_and_Algebraic_Number_Theory Course Notes by Ivan Fesenko, University of Nottingham. PS, PDF. | | Elementary_and_Analytic_Number_Theory Lecture notes by William Chen, used at Imperial College, University of London (PDF). | | Elementary_Number_Theory Lecture notes by Nigel Byott, University of Exeter (DVI,PDF,PS). | | Elementary_Number_Theory Lecture notes by Michael Filaseta, University of South Carolina, Fall 1997 (PS). | | Expositions_and_Notes Topics in Sieve Theory and Combinatorial Number Theory. Ben Green, University of Bristol. | | Introductory_Number_Theory Lecture Notes by Don Rideout, Memorial University of Newfoundland. PDF and Maple worksheets. |
|
Reconciling Observations of Global Temperature Change var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ?"https://ssl ." : "http://www."); document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src="http://www.nap.edu/books/0309068916/html//" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));var firstTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-2130316-2");firstTracker._setDomainName("nap.edu");var secondTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-2382644-1");secondTracker._setDomainName("nap.edu");var thirdTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-3065995-1");thirdTracker._setDomainName("nap.edu");function trackClick(f){firstTracker._trackPageview(f);secondTracker._trackPageview(f);thirdTracker._trackPageview(f);}   Read more than 4,000 books online FREE! More than 1900 PDFs now available for sale HOME ABOUT NAP CONTACT NAP HELP NEW RELEASES ORDERING INFO Questions? Call 888-624-8373  Items in cart [0]      PAPERBACKlist:$28.25Web:$25.43add to cartfunction RightslinkPopUp(){var url = "https://s100.copyright.com/AppDispatchServlet";var location = url+ "?publisherName=" + escape('NAP')+ "&imprint=" + escape('NAP')//-or-//+ "&imprint=" + escape('JHP')+ "&publication=" + escape('book')+ "&title=" + escape('Reconciling Observations of Global Temperature Change ')+ "&contentID=" + escape('9755')+ "&publicationDate=" + escape('2000')+ "&author=" + escape('Panel on Reconciling Temperature Observations, Climate Research Committee, Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources, National Research Council')//(Not sure if just 1 committee is enough)+ "&sp=" + escape('n')//-or-//+ "&sp=" + escape('y')//(Special pricing, yes or no; no is default; later, Marketing may offer deals)+ "&pageCount=" + escape('104')+ "&orderBeanReset=true";PopUp = window.open( location,'Rightslink','location=no,toolbar=no,directories=no,status=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=650,height=550');}  Rights & Permissions Free PDF AccessFree ResourcesSign in to download PDF book and chaptersPDF EXECUTIVE SUMMARYDisplay this book on your site!Related TitlesNatural Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time Scales Earth Science and Applications from Space: National Imperatives for the Next Decade and BeyondOther Related Titles   Reconciling Observations of Global Temperature Change (2000) Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (BASC) Web Search Builder Use this book's key terms to search within this book, across our collection, or across the Web.Skim This Chapter Skim this chapter and use this chapter's key terms to search within this book.Reference Finder Paste in your own text to find books that relate to your topic.   PageI     The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy.
Reconciling Observations of Global
Temperature Change
Panel on Reconciling Temperature Observations
Climate Research Committee
Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate
Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources
National Research Councilbreak
PageI Front Matter (R1-R16) Executive Summary (1-4) Part I: Overview and Conclusions (5-6) 1 Introduction (7-8) 2 Background (9-20) 3 Findings (21-23) 4 Recommendations (24-26) Part II: Technical Background (27-28) 5 Introduction (29-31) 6 Surface Temperature Observations (32-40) 7 MSU Observations (41-49) 8 Radiosonde Observations (50-57) 9 Trend Comparisons (58-71) References (72-80) Appendix A: Biographical Information on Panel Members (81-84) Appendix B: Acronyms and Abbreviations (85-86) [ Top of Page ] [ Home ] [ Contact Us ] [ Help ] [ The National Academies Home ] Copyright © 2008. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. 500 Fifth St. N.W., Washington, D.C. 20001.Terms of Use and Privacy Statement //var firstTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-2130316-2"); //firstTracker._setDomainName("nap.edu"); firstTracker._initData(); firstTracker._trackPageview(); //var secondTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-2382644-1"); //secondTracker._setDomainName("nap.edu"); secondTracker._initData(); secondTracker._trackPageview(); //var thirdTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-3065995-1"); //thirdTracker._setDomainName("nap.edu"); thirdTracker._initData(); thirdTracker._trackPageview(); Below are the first 10 and last 10 pages of uncorrected machine-read text (when available) of this chapter, followed by the top 30 algorithmically extracted key phrases from the chapter as a whole.Intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text on the opening pages of each chapter. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.Do not use for reproduction, copying, pasting, or reading; exclusively for search engines.OCR for page R1
Reconciling Observations of Global
Temperature Change
Panel on Reconciling Temperature Observations
Climate Research Committee
Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate
Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources
National Research Councilbreak
OCR for page R2
Page ii
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was
approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council,
whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy
of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute
of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the
report were chosen for their special competences and with regard
for appropriate balance.
Support for this project was provided by the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration under Contract No. 50-DKNA-7-90052
and by Alcoa. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or
recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the
author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NOAA or
any of its sub-agencies or of Alcoa.
International Standard Book Number 0-309-06891-6
Additional copies of this report are available from:
National Academy Press
2101 Constitution Avenue, NW
Box 285
Washington, D.C. 20055
800-624-6242
202-334-3313 (in the Washington Metropolitan Area)
www.nap.edu
Cover: Surface and lower to mid-tropospheric temperature
trends for the period 1979–1998. The surface data (left
panel) are comprised of surface air temperature over land and the
temperature of water at the ocean's surface, and have been
subjected to a slight additional smoothing to simplify the pattern
(Jones et al., 1999). The lower to mid-tropospheric data (right
panel) are derived from satellite observations from the Microwave
Sounding Unit Channel 2 (the so-called "MSU 2LT") (Christy et al.,
2000). For both datasets, the trends are computed using the method
of ordinary least squares. The color key is the same as in Figure
6.2. The map views on the front cover are centered at 30° N and
110° W and the views on the back cover are centered at 30°
S and 70° E. For the globe as a whole (see Figures 6.2 and 7.1
inside), warming has been prevalent at the earth's surface, but
much less so in the lower to mid-troposphere.
Copyright 2000 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights
reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
First Printing, January 2000
Second Printing, February 2000break
OCR for page R3
Page iii
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
National Academy of Sciences
National Academy of Engineering
Institute of Medicine
National Research Council
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit,
self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in
scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance
of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare.
Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in
1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the
federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce
M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in
1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a
parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in
its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing
with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for
advising the federal government. The National Academy of
Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting
national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes
the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. William A. Wulf is
president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the
National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent
members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy
matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts
under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences
by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal
government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of
medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I. Shine is
president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the
National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad
community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of
furthering knowledge and advising the federal government.
Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the
Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of
both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of
Engineering in providing services to the government, the public,
and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is
administered jointly by both Academics and the Institute of
Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. William A. Wulf are chairman
and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research
Council.break
OCR for page R4OCR for page R5
Page v
PANEL ON RECONCILING TEMPERATURE OBSERVATIONS
Members
JOHN M. WALLACE (Chair), University of Washington,
Seattle
JOHN R. CHRISTY, University of Alabama in Huntsville
DIAN J. GAFFEN, NOAA/Air Resources Laboratory, Silver Spring,
Maryland
NORMAN C. GRODY, NOAA/NESDIS, Camp Springs, Maryland
JAMES E. HANSEN, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New
York, New York
DAVID E. PARKER, Hadley Centre, Meteorological Office,
Bracknell, United Kingdom
THOMAS C. PETERSON, NOAA/National Climatic Data Center,
Asheville, North Carolina
BENJAMIN D. SANTER, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory,
Livermore, California
ROY W. SPENCER, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville,
Alabama
KEVIN E. TRENBERTH, National Center for Atmospheric Research,
Boulder, Colorado
FRANK J. WENTZ, Remote Sensing Systems, Santa Rosa,
California
Consultant
TODD MITCHELL, University of Washington, Seattle
NRC Staff
PETER A. SCHULTZ, Study Director
DIANE L. GUSTAFSON, Administrative Assistantbreak
OCR for page R6
Page vi
CLIMATE RESEARCH COMMITTEE
Members
EUGENE M. RASMUSSON (Chair), University of Maryland,
College Park
EDWARD S. SARACHIK (Vice-Chair), University of
Washington, Seattle
MAURICE BLACKMON, National Center for Atmospheric Research,
Boulder, Colorado
JEFF DOZIER, University of California, Santa Barbara
JAMES GIRAYTYS, Consultant, Winchester, Virginia
JAMES E. HANSEN, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New
York, New York
PHILIP E. MERILEES, Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey,
California
ROBERTA BALSTAD MILLER, CIESIN, Columbia University, Palisades,
New York
S. ICHTIAQUE RASOOL, International Consultant, Paris, France
STEVEN W. RUNNING, University of Montana, Missoula
ANNE M. THOMPSON, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt,
Maryland
ANDREW WEAVER, University of Victoria, British Columbia
ERIC F. WOOD, Princeton University, New Jersey
Ex Officio Members
W. LAWRENCE GATES, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory,
Livermore, California
DOUGLAS G. MARTINSON, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of
Columbia University, Palisades, New York
JOHN O. ROADS, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla,
California
NRC Staff
PETER A. SCHULTZ, Program Director
CARTER W. FORD, Project Assistantbreak
OCR for page R7
Page vii
BOARD ON ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES AND CLIMATE
Members
ERIC J. BARRON (Co-Chair), Pennsylvania State University,
University Park
JAMES R. MAHONEY (Co-Chair), Consultant, McLean,
Virginia
SUSAN K. AVERY, Cooperative Institute for Research in
Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder
LANCE F. BOSART, State University of New York, Albany
MARVIN A. GELLER, State University of New York, Stony Brook
CHARLES E. KOLB, Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica,
Massachusetts
ROGER A. PIELKE, JR., National Center for Atmospheric Research,
Boulder, Colorado
ROBERT T. RYAN, WRC-TV, Washington, D.C.
MARK R. SCHOEBERL, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt,
Maryland
JOANNE SIMPSON, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt,
Maryland
NIEN DAK SZE, Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc.,
Cambridge, Massachusetts
ROBERT A. WELLER, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,
Massachusetts
ERIC F. WOOD, Princeton University, New Jersey
Ex Officio Members
DONALD S. BURKE, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore,
Maryland
DARA ENTEKHABI, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge
MICHAEL C. KELLEY, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
JOHN O. ROADS, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla,
California
EUGENE M. RASMUSSON, University of Maryland, College Park
PAUL WINE, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta
NRC Staff
ELBERT W. (JOE) FRIDAY, JR., Director
LAURIE S. GELLER, Program Officerbreak
OCR for page R8
Page viii
PETER A. SCHULTZ, Program Officer
DIANE L. GUSTAFSON, Administrative Assistant
ROBIN MORRIS, Financial Associate
TENECIA A. BROWN, Senior Program Assistant
CARTER W. FORD, Project Assistantbreak
OCR for page R9
Page ix
COMMISSION ON GEOSCIENCES, ENVIRONMENT, AND RESOURCES
Members
GEORGE M. HORNBERGER (Chair), University of Virginia,
Charlottesville
RICHARD A. CONWAY, Union Carbide Corporation (Retired), S.
Charleston, West Virginia
THOMAS E. GRAEDEL, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
THOMAS J. GRAFF, Environmental Defense Fund, Oakland,
California
EUGENIA KALNAY, University, of Maryland, College Park
DEBRA KNOPMAN, Progressive Policy Institute, Washington,
D.C.
KAI N. LEE, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts
BRAD MOONEY, J. Brad Mooney Associates, Ltd., Arlington,
Virginia
HUGH C. MORRIS, El Dorado Gold Corporation, Vancouver, British
Columbia
H. RONALD PULLIAM, University of Georgia, Athens
MILTON RUSSELL, Joint Institute for Energy and Environment and
University of Tennessee (Emeritus), Knoxville
THOMAS C. SCHELLING, University of Maryland, College Park
ANDREW R. SOLOW, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods
Hole, Massachusetts
VICTORIA J. TSCHINKEL, Landers and Parsons, Tallahassee,
Florida
E-AN ZEN, University of Maryland, College Park
MARY LOU ZOBACK, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park,
California
NRC Staff
ROBERT M. HAMILTON, Executive Director
GREGORY H. SYMMES, Associate Executive Director
JEANETTE SPOON, Administrative and Financial Officer
DAVID FEARY, Scientific Reports Officer
SANDI FITZPATRICK, Administrative Associate
MARQUITA SMITH, Administrative Assistant/Technology Analystbreak
OCR for page R10OCR for page R11
Page xi
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals
chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in
accordance with procedures approved by the NRC's Report Review
Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide
candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in
making the published report as sound as possible and to ensure that
the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence,
and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and
draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of
the deliberative process. We thank the following individuals for
their participation in the review of this report:
JAMES ANGELL, NOAA/Air Resources Laboratory
ALAN BASIST, NOAA/National Climatic Data Center
LENNART BENGTSSON, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology
SIMON BROWN, Hadley Centre, Meteorological Office, United
Kingdom
JAMES HOLTON, University of Washington
JAMES HURRELL, National Center for Atmospheric Research
EUGENIA KALNAY, University of Maryland
RICHARD LINDZEN, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
NEVILLE NICHOLLS, Australian Bureau of Meteorology Research
Centre
EUGENE M. RASMUSSON, University of Marylandbreak
OCR for page R12
Page xii
While the individuals listed above have provided constructive
comments and suggestions, it must be emphasized that responsibility
for the final content of this report rests entirely with the
authoring committee and the institution.
The panel wishes to thank Todd Mitchell at the University of
Washington for his contributions and insight in the presentation of
the report's complex data, Jay Lawrimore at the National Climatic
Data Center for supplying figures and data, and David Feary at the
National Research Council for his editorial guidance.break
OCR for page R13
Page xiii
PREFACE
A National Research Council panel was convened to examine
observed trends of temperature near the surface and in the lower to
midtroposphere (the atmospheric layer extending from the earth's
surface up to about 8 km). The objectives of this panel were
to:
(1) summarize the state of the science in the measurement of
temperature from space, from radiosondes, and from surface
instrumentation;
(2) assess the biases and uncertainties in the data;
(3) describe the major conflicts in the trends; and
(4) define the actions required to reduce the uncertainties and
biases.
The panel, which is under the purview of the Board on
Atmospheric Sciences and Climate's (BASC) Climate Research
Committee (CRC), included individuals with expertise on all
relevant technical facets of the issue.
The panel's report, presented here, is structured in a layered
fashion, providing the reader with an increasing level of technical
detail. The Executive Summary gives a very brief overview of the
report's findings and recommendations and is targeted towards
non-scientists. Part I of the main body of the report is intended
for the public, policy-making, and scientific communities and is
also written in a relatively non-technicalcontinue
OCR for page R14
Page xiv
fashion. Part I includes a chapter outlining the key questions
(Introduction) and another that provides an overview of the
relevant measurement types and their observations (Background).
Part I concludes with chapters on the panel's Findings and
Recommendations. Part II more fully articulates the scientific
basis for the discussion and conclusions that are presented in Part
I, by detailing the major, relevant measurement systems and their
temperature records. It does so in chapters on Surface Temperature
Observations, MSU Observations, and Radiosonde Observations. Part
II concludes with a chapter that compares the temperature records
of the three types of observations and presents possible reasons
for the observed temperature trend differences.break
OCR for page R15
Page xv
CONTENTS
Executive Summary
1
Part I: Overview and Conclusions
5
1
Introduction
7
2
Background
9
3
Findings
21
4
Recommendations
24
Part II: Technical Background
27
5
Introduction
29
6
Surface Temperature Observations
32
Summary of Trends
32
Sources of Uncertainty in Trend
Estimates
36
Efforts to Correct the Problems
38
7
MSU Observations
41
Introduction
41
MSU Temperature Trends
42
OCR for page R16
Page xvi
Sources of Uncertainty in Trend
Estimates
44
8
Radiosonde Observations
50
Summary of Trends
50
Sources of Uncertainty in Trend
Estimates
50
Background
51
Data Homogeneity Problems
52
Variety of Methods of Estimating
Global Trends in Layer-Mean Temperatures
53
Efforts to Correct the Problems
55
9
Trend Comparisons
58
Comparisons Between MSU and
Radiosonde Data sets
58
Evidence Concerning Surface versus
Tropospheric Temperature Trends
62
Interpretation of the Differences
Between Observed Surface and Tropospheric Temperature Trends
65
Insights Derived from Model
Simulations
68
Concluding Remarks
70
References
72
Appendixes
79
A. Biographical Information on Panel
Members
81
B. Acronyms and Abbreviations
85
|
|
