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Title: Chemistry/Elements/Tin - EnvironmentalChemistry.com: Tin Atomic structure, chemical and physical properties, and table of nuclides.
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Periodic Table of Elements: Tin – Sn (EnvironmentalChemistry.com)
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Periodic Table of ElementsElement Tin – SnComprehensive data on the chemical element Tin is provided on this page; including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Tin.
Common chemical compounds are also provided for many elements. In addition technical terms are linked to their definitions and the menu contains links to related articles that are a great aid in one studies.
Using the "Periodic Table of Elements Quick Navigation" graphic at the bottom of the sidebar menu, one can quickly jump from chemical element to chemical element.
Tin Menu
Tin Page One
Overview of Tin
Tin's Name in Other Languages
Atomic Structure of Tin
Chemical Properties of Tin
Physical Properties of Tin
Regulatory / Health
Who/When/Where/How
Tin Page Two
Nuclides / Isotopes
Potential Parent Nuclides
Tin Page Three
Common Chemical Compounds of Tin
Overview of Tin
Atomic Number:50
Group: 14
Period: 5
Series: Metals
Tin's Name in Other LanguagesLatin: StannumCzech: CínCroatian: KositarFrench:
étainGerman: Zinn - rItalian: StagnoNorwegian: TinnPortuguese: Estanho
Russian:  Spanish: EstañoSwedish:
Tenn
Atomic Structure of Tin
Atomic Radius: 1.72Å
Atomic Volume: 16.3cm3/mol
Covalent Radius: 1.41Å
Cross Section (Thermal Neutron Capture)  a/barns: 0.626
Crystal Structure: Tetragonal
Electron Configuration:1s2
2s2p6
3s2p6d10
4s2p6d10
5s2p2
Electrons per Energy Level: 2,8,18,18,4
Shell Model
Ionic Radius: 0.69Å
Filling Orbital: 5p2
Number of Electrons (with no charge): 50
Number of Neutrons (most common/stable nuclide): 69
Number of Protons: 50
Oxidation States: 4,2
Valence Electrons: 5s2p2
Electron Dot Model
Chemical Properties of Tin
Electrochemical Equivalent: 1.1071g/amp-hr
Electron Work Function: 4.42eV
Electronegativity: 1.96 (Pauling); 1.72 (Allrod Rochow)
Heat of Fusion: 7.029kJ/mol
Incompatibilities:Chlorine, turpentine, acids, alkalis
Ionization PotentialFirst: 7.344Second: 14.632Third: 30.502
Valence Electron Potential (-eV): 83.5
Physical Properties of Tin
Atomic Mass Average: 118.71
Boiling Point: 2543K 2270°C 4118°F
Coefficient of lineal thermal expansion/K-1: N/A
ConductivityElectrical: 0.0917 106/cm  Thermal: 0.666 W/cmK
Density: 7.31g/cc @ 300K
Description: Very malleable silver white metal that forms a protective oxide film on its surface that prevents it from reacting with oxygen.
Elastic Modulus:Bulk: 58.2/GPaRigidity: 18.4/GPaYoungs: 49.9/GPa
Enthalpy of Atomization: 301.3 kJ/mole @ 25°C
Enthalpy of Fusion: 7.03 kJ/mole
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 290.4 kJ/mole
Flammablity Class: Non-combustible solid (except as dust)
Freezing Point: see melting point
Hardness ScaleBrinell: 51 MN m-2Mohs: 1.5
Heat of Vaporization: 295.8kJ/mol
Melting Point: 505.21K 232.06°C 449.71°F
Molar Volume: 16.31 cm3/mole
Optical Reflectivity: 54%
Physical State (at 20°C & 1atm): Solid
Specific Heat: 0.227J/gK
Vapor Pressure = 5.78E-21Pa@232.06°C
Regulatory / Health
CAS Number
7440-31-5
RTECS: XP7320000OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)TWA: 2 mg/m3
OSHA PEL Vacated 1989TWA: 2 mg/m3
NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL)TWA: 2 mg/m3IDLH: 100 mg/m3
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation; Skin and/or eye contact
Target Organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system
Levels In Humans:Note: this data represents naturally occuring levels of elements in the typical human, it DOES NOT represent recommended daily allowances.Blood/mg dm-3: 0.38Bone/p.p.m: 1.4Liver/p.p.m: 0.23-2.4Muscle/p.p.m: 0.33-2.4Daily Dietary Intake: 0.2-3.5 mgTotal Mass In Avg. 70kg
human: 20 mg
Who / Where / When / HowDiscoverer: Known to ancient civilizationDiscovery Location: Unknown
Discovery Year: UnknownName Origin:Symbol Sn from Latin: stannum (tin). Tin from Anglo-Saxon
Abundance of Tin:Earth's Crust/p.p.m.: 2.2
Seawater/p.p.m.: Atlantic Suface: 0.0000023Atlantic Deep: 0.0000058Pacific Surface: N/APacific Deep: N/A
Atmosphere/p.p.m.: N/A
Sun (Relative to H=1E12): 100
Sources of Tin:Principally found in the ore cassiterite(SnO2) and stannine
(Cu2FeSnS4) in Malaya and Indonesia, Zaire and Nigeria, Bolivia and Thiland. The pure metal is formed by reduction with coal. Annual world wide production is around 165,000 tons. Primary mining areas are Malaysia, Sumatra, Russia, China, Bolivia, Zaire.
Uses of Tin: Used as a coating for steel cans. Also in solder (33%Sn:67%Pb), bronze (20%Sn:80%Cu), and pewter. Stannous fluoride (SnF5), a compound of tin and fluorine is used in some toothpaste. It is also used in the manufacture of super conducting magnets. While tin
has many uses in alloys, it has few uses in it's pure elemental form.
Additional Notes:Coefficient of linear thermal expansion/K-1 alpha 5.3E-6; beta 21.2E-6
[Last update: 2/22/2007]Notes below
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Tin Menu
Tin Page One
Overview of Tin
Tin's Name in Other Languages
Atomic Structure of Tin
Chemical Properties of Tin
Physical Properties of Tin
Regulatory / Health
Who/When/Where/How
Tin Page Two
Nuclides / Isotopes
Potential Parent Nuclides
Tin Page Three
Common Chemical Compounds of Tin
Related Resources
Anatomy of the Atom
Answers many questions regarding the structure of atoms.
Molarity, Molality and Normality
Introduces stoichiometry and explains the differences between molarity, molality and normality.
Molar Mass Calculations and Javascript Calculator
Molar mass calculations are explained and there is a JavaScript calculator to aid calculations.
Chemical Database
This database focuses on the most common chemical compounds used in the home and industry.
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