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Periodic Table of Elements: Tungsten – W (EnvironmentalChemistry.com)
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Periodic Table of ElementsElement Tungsten – WComprehensive data on the chemical element Tungsten is provided on this page; including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Tungsten.
Common chemical compounds are also provided for many elements. In addition technical terms are linked to their definitions and the menu contains links to related articles that are a great aid in one studies.
Using the "Periodic Table of Elements Quick Navigation" graphic at the bottom of the sidebar menu, one can quickly jump from chemical element to chemical element.
Tungsten Menu
Tungsten Page One
Overview of Tungsten
Tungsten's Name in Other Languages
Atomic Structure of Tungsten
Chemical Properties of Tungsten
Physical Properties of Tungsten
Regulatory / Health
Who/When/Where/How
Tungsten Page Two
Nuclides / Isotopes
Potential Parent Nuclides
Tungsten Page Three
Common Chemical Compounds of Tungsten
Overview of Tungsten
Atomic Number:74
Group: 6
Period: 6
Series: Transition Metals
Tungsten's Name in Other LanguagesLatin: WolframiumCzech: WolframCroatian: VolframFrench:
TungsténeGerman: Wolfram - rItalian: WolframioNorwegian: WolframPortuguese: Tungstênio
Russian:  Spanish: WolframioSwedish:
Volfram
Atomic Structure of Tungsten
Atomic Radius: 2.02Å
Atomic Volume: 9.53cm3/mol
Covalent Radius: 1.3Å
Cross Section (Thermal Neutron Capture)  a/barns: 18.3
Crystal Structure: Cubic body centered
Electron Configuration:1s2
2s2p6
3s2p6d10
4s2p6d10f14
5s2p6d4
6s2
Electrons per Energy Level: 2,8,18,32,12,2
Shell Model
Ionic Radius: 0.62Å
Filling Orbital: 5d4
Number of Electrons (with no charge): 74
Number of Neutrons (most common/stable nuclide): 110
Number of Protons: 74
Oxidation States: 6,5,4,3,2
Valence Electrons: 5d4 6s2
Electron Dot Model
Chemical Properties of Tungsten
Electrochemical Equivalent: 1.1432g/amp-hr
Electron Work Function: 4.55eV
Electronegativity: 2.36 (Pauling); 1.4 (Allrod Rochow)
Heat of Fusion: 35.4kJ/mol
Incompatibilities:Bromine trifluoride, chlorine trifluoride, fluorine, iodine pentafluoride
Ionization PotentialFirst: 7.98
Valence Electron Potential (-eV): 140
Physical Properties of Tungsten
Atomic Mass Average: 183.85
Boiling Point: 5928K 5655°C 10211°F
Coefficient of lineal thermal expansion/K-1: 4.59E-6
ConductivityElectrical: 0.189 106/cm  Thermal: 1.74 W/cmK
Density: 19.35g/cc @ 300K
Description:Hard, silver-white metal that is generally obtained as a dull grey powder that is hard to melt.
Elastic Modulus:Bulk: 311/GPaRigidity: 160.5/GPaYoungs: 411/GPa
Enthalpy of Atomization: 837 kJ/mole @ 25°C
Enthalpy of Fusion: 35.23 kJ/mole
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 799.1 kJ/mole
Flammablity Class: Combustible
Freezing Point: see melting point
Hardness ScaleBrinell: 2570 MN m-2Mohs: 7.5Vickers: 3430 MN m-2
Heat of Vaporization: 824kJ/mol
Melting Point: 3680K 3407°C 6165°F
Molar Volume: 9.5 cm3/mole
Optical Reflectivity: 62%
Physical State (at 20°C & 1atm): Solid
Specific Heat: 0.13J/gK
Vapor Pressure = 4.27Pa@3407°C
Regulatory / Health
CAS Number
7440-33-7
RTECS: Y07175000OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)No limits set by
OSHA
OSHA PEL Vacated 1989TWA: 5 mg/m3STEL: 10 mg/m3
NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL)TWA: 5 mg/m3STEL: 10 mg/m3
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation; Ingestion; Skin and/or eye contact
Target Organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system, blood
Levels In Humans:Note: this data represents naturally occuring levels of elements in the typical human, it DOES NOT represent recommended daily allowances.Blood/mg dm-3: 0.001Bone/p.p.m: 0.00025Liver/p.p.m: n/aMuscle/p.p.m: n/aDaily Dietary Intake: 0.001-0.015 mgTotal Mass In Avg. 70kg
human: 0.02 mg
Who / Where / When / HowDiscoverer: Fausto and Juan José de ElhuijarDiscovery Location: Vergara Spain
Discovery Year: 1783Name Origin:Swedish: tung sten (heavy stone): W symbol from its German name wolfram which is named after wolframite.
Abundance of Tungsten:Earth's Crust/p.p.m.: 160.6
Seawater/p.p.m.: 0.000092
Atmosphere/p.p.m.: 411
Sun (Relative to H=1E12): 0.28
Sources of Tungsten:Occurs in the minerals scheelite (CaWO4) and wolframite
[(Fe,Mn)WO4]. Annual world wide production is around 45,100 tons. Primary mining areas are China, Malaysia, Burma, bolivia, canada, Australia, Japan and USA.
Uses of Tungsten:Used widely in the electronics industry. Made into filaments for vacuum tubes and electric lights. Also used in contact points in cars, welding electrodes, rocket nozzles and cutting tools. Combined with calcium or magnesium it makes phosphors.
Additional Notes:Some sources give the German chemist Karl Wilhelm Scheele as the
first to isolate the metal in 1880, but most sources credit the Elhuijar brothers.
[Last update: 2/22/2007]Notes below
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Tungsten Menu
Tungsten Page One
Overview of Tungsten
Tungsten's Name in Other Languages
Atomic Structure of Tungsten
Chemical Properties of Tungsten
Physical Properties of Tungsten
Regulatory / Health
Who/When/Where/How
Tungsten Page Two
Nuclides / Isotopes
Potential Parent Nuclides
Tungsten Page Three
Common Chemical Compounds of Tungsten
Related Resources
Anatomy of the Atom
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Molarity, Molality and Normality
Introduces stoichiometry and explains the differences between molarity, molality and normality.
Molar Mass Calculations and Javascript Calculator
Molar mass calculations are explained and there is a JavaScript calculator to aid calculations.
Chemical Database
This database focuses on the most common chemical compounds used in the home and industry.
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