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|
North American Lichen Checklist
A Cumulative Checklist for the
Lichen-forming, Lichenicolous and
Allied Fungi of the Continental United
States and Canada
This checklist consists of
cumulative updates to the most recently published North American checklist by Esslinger
and Egan (1995). The style and conventions for listings used there are also
generally followed here. As in the published checklist, under each genus the
accepted names are given first and are in boldface. Names
considered to be synonyms are given in normal font only. Significant changes
made since the previous online version are given in
blue font. As before, the following symbols are used to indicate the
lichenicolous fungi and other allied fungi:
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi
# = various fungi of uncertain status: i.e., those which are questionably or
weakly lichen-forming; or algicolous/saprophytic; or parasitic when young but
saprophytic or lichen-forming when mature; or lichenicolous lichens.
This list is updated at semi-regular
intervals, usually about once each year, as changes accumulate in the
literature. My purpose for putting this checklist on-line is twofold. First, to
provide users of the checklist with the most current updates and changes, and
second, to provide the opportunity for (indeed, to invite)
comments and suggested corrections from all users and readers. I would
appreciate being informed of any oversights or omissions, and although not all
taxonomic or nomenclatural differences of opinion will be easily or immediately
settled, any matters regarding such opinions that users would like to share
will be welcomed and taken under consideration. Additions or changes appearing
in this on-line version of the checklist represent reports in the literature,
and their presence here does not necessarily imply acceptance, tacit or
otherwise, by the author.
In addition, it would be very helpful
if authors of publications containing additions to the North American lichen
biota, or other taxonomic and nomenclatural changes that impact it, would
provide me with copies.
Please send comments and publications to:
Dr. Theodore L. Esslinger
Department of Biological Sciences
#2715, P.O. Box 6050
North Dakota State
University
Fargo, North
Dakota 58108-6050
E-mail: Ted.Esslinger@ndsu.edu
Suggested Citation: Esslinger, T. L. 2008.
A cumulative checklist for the lichen-forming,
lichenicolous and allied fungi of the continental United States and Canada. North Dakota
State University:
http://www.ndsu.nodak.edu/instruct/esslinge/chcklst/chcklst7.htm (First
Posted 1 December 1997, Most Recent Version (#14) 8 October 2008), Fargo,
North Dakota.
Previous versions of this on-line checklist are archived and available by
clicking on the following:
Version #1 (First Posted 1 December 1997)
Version #2 (First Posted 17 February 1998)
Version #3 (First Posted 22 June 1998)
Version #4 (First Posted 19 July 1999)
Version #5 (First Posted 15 May 2000)
Version #6 (First Posted 26 February 2001)
Version #7 (First Posted 27 August 2001)
Version #8 (First Posted 17
July 2002)
Version #9 (First Posted 2
March 2004)
Version #10 (First Posted 14
June 2005)
Version #11 (First Posted 10
April 2006)
Version #12 (First Posted 2
April 2007)
Version
#13 (First Posted 18 January 2008)
Suggestions For Use: This web site consists of one large
file (ca. 1 MB), and, depending upon your type of connection to the internet, it
will take anywhere from a few seconds to a minute or two to load onto your
computer. Once loaded, use of the main letter menu below and the similar menus
provided throughout the document will allow efficient navigation within the
document using most web browser software. Use of the "Back" function
provided by most browsers also usually works fine, but sometimes causes
problems, at least until the internal hyperlinks have been used the first time.
The genera are listed in alphabetical order, as are the species lists within
each genus. Click on the following letters to advance to the genera
beginning with that letter:
A B C
D E
F G
H I
J K
L M
N O
P R
S T
U V
W X
Z References Cited
ABROTHALLUS De Not.
*bertianus De Not.
*bryoriarum Hafellner
*caerulescens Kotte (Diederich
2003)
*cetrariae Kotte (Goward et al. 1996)
*cladoniae R. Sant. & D. Hawksw.
*hypotrachynae
Etayo & Diederich (Lendemer & Knudsen 2008b)
*microspermus Tul. (Cole & Hawksworth 2001)
*parmeliarum (Sommerf.) Arnold
*peyritschii (Stein) Kotte
*pezizicola Diederich & R.
C. Harris (Diederich 2003)
*prodiens (Harm.) Diederich & Hafellner
*suecicus
(Kirschst.) Nordin (Diederich 2003)
*tulasnei M.
S. Cole & D. Hawksw. (Cole & Hawksworth 2001) Possible synonym
of A. caerulescens? (Diederich 2003)
*usneae Rabenh. (Cole & Hawksworth 2001)
*welwitschii Tul.
*oxysporus Tul. = Phacopsis oxyspora
*usneae auct. non Rabenh. = Lichenostigma maureri
ABSCONDITELLA Vězda
lignicola Vězda & Pisut (Nash et al. 1998)
sphagnorum Vězda & Poelt
trivialis (Willey ex Tuck.) Vězda
ACANTHOTHECIS Clem.
abaphoides (Nyl.) Staiger & Kalb Syn.: Graphina abaphoides
(Staiger & Kalb 1999)
aurantiaca (Müll. Arg.) Staiger & Kalb
Syns.: Graphina intertexta, Graphis intertexta (Staiger 2002)
gracilis Staiger & Kalb (Staiger
& Kalb 1999)
intertexta (Müll. Arg.) Staiger & Kalb = A. aurantiaca
ACAROCONIUM Kocourk. & D. Hawksw. (Kocourkova & Hawksworth 2008)
*punctiforme Kocourk. & D.
Hawksw. (Kocourkova & Hawksworth 2008)
ACAROSPORA A. Massal.
aeruginosa Hasse
affinis K. Knudsen (Knudsen 2007a)
amphibola Wedd.
arenacea H. Magn.
asahinae H. Magn.
asperata H. Magn.
badiofusca (Nyl.) Th. Fr.
brattiae K. Knudsen (Knudsen 2007a)
brouardii B. de Lesd.
(Knudsen 2007a, Knudsen et al.
2008a)
bullata Anzi
caesiofusca (Müll. Arg.) H. Magn.
calcarea K. Knudsen (Knudsen 2007a)
canadensis H. Magn.
cervina A. Massal.
chrysops (Tuck.) H. Magn.
(Knudsen et al. 2008a)
citrina (Taylor) Zahlbr.
clauzadeana (Llimona) Casares & Hafellner Syn.: Biatorella clauzadeana
coloradiana H. Magn.
complanata H. Magn.
contigua H. Magn. (Brodo et al. 2001, Knudsen 2007a)
desolata H. Magn.
dispersa H. Magn.
elevata H. Magn.
epilutescens Zahlbr. (Knudsen 2005a)
erythrophora H. Magn. (Knudsen 2007a)
fuscata (Schrader) Arnold
fuscescens H. Magn.
gallica H. Magn.
glaucocarpa (Ach.) Körber
hassei Herre (Knudsen 2007a)
heufleriana Körber
hilaris (Dufour) Hue
impressula Th. Fr.
instrata H. Magn.
interjecta H. Magn.
interspersa H. Magn.
macrospora (Hepp) A. Massal. ex
Bagl.
molybdina (Wahlenb.) Trevisan
nevadensis H. Magn.
nodulosa (Dufour) Hue var. nodulosa
novomexicana H. Magn.
(Knudsen 2007a)
obnubila H. Magn.
obpallens (Nyl. ex Hasse) Zahlbr. Syn.: Lecanora obpallens
oligospora (Nyl.) Arnold
oreophila K. Knudsen (Knudsen 2007a)
peliscypha Th. Fr.
pyrenopsoides H. Magn.
rhabarbarina Hue (Knudsen et al. 2008a)
robiniae K.
Knudsen (Knudsen 2007a)
rouxii K. Knudsen,
Elix & Reeb (Knudsen 2007a, Knudsen et al. 2008a))
rugulosa Körber
saepincola H. Magn.
scabrida Hedl. ex H. Magn.
schleicheri (Ach.) A. Massal.
scotica Hue
sinopica (Wahlenb.) Körber
smaragdula (Wahlenb.) A. Massal.
smaragdula var. lesdainii (Harm. ex A.L. Smith)
H. Magn. (Knudsen 2004a)
socialis H. Magn.
sparsa H. Magn.
stapfiana (Müll. Arg.) Hue
strigata (Nyl.) Jatta
succedens H. Magn.
terricola H. Magn.
thamnina (Tuck.) Herre
thelococcoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Syns.:
Lecanora thelococcoides, L. pleiospora
tongleti Hue
veronensis A. Massal.
albida H. Magn. = A. epilutescens
albomarginata (Herre) G. Salisb. = A. elevata
(Knudsen 2007a)
amabilis H. Magn. = A. socialis (Knudsen 2007a)
americana H. Magn. = A.
veronensis (Knudsen 2007a)
applanata H. Magn. = A. veronensis (Knudsen 2007a)
arenosa Herre = Sarcogyne arenosa
bella (Nyl.) Jatta = A. rhabarbarina (Knudsen et al. 2008a)
boulderensis H. Magn. = A. badiofusca
californica Zahlbr. = A.
badiofusca (Knudsen 2007a)
carnegiei Zahlbr. = A. obpallens (Knudsen 2005b)
cartilaginea H. Magn. = A. fuscata
chlorophana (Wahlenb.) A. Massal. = Pleopsidium chlorophanum
cineracea (Nyl.) Wedd. = misidentifications for North America
cinereoalba (Fink) H. Magn. = A. veronensis (Knudsen
2007a)
contigua H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
dissipata H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
epilutescens Zahlbr. = A. schleicheri
evoluta H. Magn. = A. socialis (Knudsen 2007a)
flava (Bellardi) Ach. = Pleopsidium flavum
geogena H. Magn. = A. nodulosa
(Knudsen 2007a)
geophila H. Magn. = A. geogena
glebosa (Flotow) Körber = A. oligospora
heppii (Nägeli
ex Hepp) Nägeli ex Körber = Myriospora heppii
immersa Fink
= Myriospora immersa
incertula H. Magn. = A. novomexicana (Knudsen 2007a)
intercedens H. Magn. = A. socialis (Knudsen & Lendemer 2005b)
interposita H. Magn. = A.
thamnina (Knudsen 2007a)
lapponica (Ach. ex Schaerer) Th. Fr.
= Polysporina lapponica
montana H. Magn. = A. rugulosa
nigromarginata B. de Lesd. = A. strigata (Knudsen 2007a)
nitida H. Magn. = A. elevata
for North American records (Knudsen 2007a)
nodulosa (Dufour) Hue var. reagens Zahlbr. = A. reagens
novomexicana H. Magn. = Pleopsidium chlorophanum
obscura H. Magn. = A. veronensis (Knudsen
2007a)
ocellata H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
oxytona (Ach.) A. Massal. = Pleopsidium flavum
particularis
H. Magn. = A.
hassei (Knudsen 2007a)
peltastica
Zahlbr. = A. strigata (Knudsen & Lendemer 2005b)
peltata Hasse =
A. strigata (Knudsen 2007a)
pleiospora
(Nyl.) Hasse.
= A. thelococcoides (Lendemer 2004a)
pleistospora
(Nyl.) Hasse = A. thelococcoides (Lendemer 2004a)
radicata H. Magn. = A. socialis (Knudsen
& Lendemer 2005b)
reagens Zahlbr. = A. nodulosa
(Knudsen 2007a)
rimulosa H. Magn. = A. socialis (Knudsen 2007a)
rubicunda H. Magn. = A. heufleriana (Knudsen
2007a)
rufescens (Ach.) Bausch = A. smaragdula
saxicola Fink = Glypholecia scabra
scabra (Pers.) Th. Fr. = Glypholecia scabra
squamulosa (Schrader) Trevisan = A. macrospora
(Knudsen 2007a)
squamulosa sensu Th. Fr. = A. macrospora
stenospora (Stizenb.) Hue = Lecanora stenospora
subalbida H. Magn. = A. socialis (Knudsen & Lendemer 2005b)
subcontigua H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
subfuscescens (Nyl.) H. Magn. = Polysporina lapponica
subrufula (Nyl.) H. Olivier (McCune et al. 1997) Report based on a specimen of A. smaragdula
(Knudsen 2007b)
superfusa H. Magn. = A.
veronensis (Knudsen 2007a)
tenebrica
H. Magn. = A. veronensis (Knudsen 2007a)
texana H. Magn. = Pleopsidium chlorophanum
thermophila Herre = A.
thamnina (Knudsen 2007a)
tucsonensis H. Magn. = A.
obpallens (Knudsen 2007a)
utahensis H. Magn. = A. strigata
(Knudsen & Lendemer 2005b)
variegata H. Magn. = A. tongleti
washingtonensis H. Magn. = A.
elevata (Knudsen 2007a)
weldensis H. Magn. = Pleopsidium chlorophanum
xanthophana (Nyl.) Jatta = misidentifications for
North America (Knudsen 2008a)
ACROCORDIA A. Massal.
cavata (Ach.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Arthopyrenia cavata
conoidea (Fr.) Körber Syn.: Arthopyrenia conoidea
gemmata (Ach.) A. Massal. Syns.: Arthopyrenia gemmata, A.
alba, A. sphaeroides
megalospora (Fink) R. C. Harris Syns.: Arthopyrenia
macrospora, A. finkii, Pyrenula megalospora
ACROSCYPHUS Lév.
sphaerophoroides Lév.
ACTINOGYRA Schol. = UMBILICARIA
muehlenbergii (Ach.) Schol. = Umbilicaria muehlenbergii
polyrrhiza (L.) Schol. = Umbilicaria polyrrhiza
ADELOCOCCUS Theissen & Sydow
*alpestris (Zopf) Theissen & Sydow
ADELOLECIA Hertel & Hafellner
kolaensis (Nyl.) Hertel & Rambold Syn.: Lecidea conferenda
pilati (Hepp) Hertel & Hafellner Syns.: Lecidea pilati, L.
lyngeana, L. subauriculata Lynge non B. de Lesd.
sonorae Hertel (Hertel 2004)
AGONIMIA Zahlbr.
allobata (Stizenb.) P. James (Fryday 2001)
gelatinosa (Ach.) Brand & Diederich Syn.: Polyblastia
gelatinosa (Sérusiaux et al. 1999)
opuntiella (Buschardt & Poelt) Vězda (Lendemer 2004c)
tristicula (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Syn.: Polyblastia tristicula
AGRESTIA J. W. Thomson = ASPICILIA
cyphellata J. W. Thomson = Aspicilia hispida
hispida (Mereschk.) Hale & Culb. = Aspicilia hispida
AGYRIUM Fr.
+rufum (Pers.) Fr.
AGYROPHORA (Nyl.) Nyl. = UMBILICARIA
leiocarpa (DC.) Gyelnik = Umbilicaria leiocarpa
lyngei (Schol.) Llano = Umbilicaria lyngei
rigida (Du Rietz) Llano = Umbilicaria rigida
scholanderi Llano = Umbilicaria scholanderi
AHLESIA Fuckel = THELOCARPON
sphaerospora (H. Magn.) G. Salisb. = Thelocarpon sphaerosporum
AHTIANA Goward
aurescens (Tuck.) Thell & Randlane Syn.: Cetraria
aurescens (Thell et al. 1995)
pallidula (Tuck. ex Riddle) Goward & Thell Syn.: Cetraria
pallidula (Thell et al. 1995)
sphaerosporella (Müll. Arg.) Goward Syn.: Parmelia
sphaerosporella
ALECTORIA Ach.
fallacina Motyka
imshaugii Brodo & D. Hawksw.
lata (Taylor)
Lindsay
nigricans (Ach.) Nyl.
ochroleuca (Hoffm.) A. Massal.
sarmentosa (Ach.) Ach. subsp. sarmentosa
sarmentosa subsp. vexillifera (Nyl.) D.
Hawksw.
vancouverensis (Gyelnik) Gyelnik ex Brodo & D. Hawksw.
abbreviata (Müll. Arg.)
R. Howe = Nodobryoria abbreviata
achariana Gyelnik = Bryoria pseudofuscescens
altaica (Gyelnik) Räsänen = Bryoria nadvornikiana
ambigua Motyka = Bryoria trichodes subsp. americana
americana Motyka = Bryoria trichodes subsp. americana
bicolor (Ehrh.) Nyl. = Bryoria bicolor
boryana Delise = A. nigricans
californica (Tuck.) G. Merr. = Kaernefeltia californica
canadensis Motyka = Bryoria trichodes subsp.
trichodes
capillaris (Ach.) Crombie = Bryoria capillaris
cervinula Motyka = Bryoria cervinula
cetrariza Nyl. = Kaernefeltia californica
chalybeiformis (L.) Gray = Bryoria chalybeiformis
corneliae Gyelnik = Bryoria fremontii
delicata Motyka = a nomen nudum = Bryoria
trichodes subsp. trichodes
divergens (Ach.) Nyl. = Bryocaulon divergens
fremontii Tuck. = Bryoria fremontii
fuscescens Gyelnik = Bryoria fuscescens
glabra Motyka = Bryoria glabra
haynaldii Gyelnik = misidentifications for North America
implexa (Hoffm.) Nyl. = Bryoria implexa
irvingii Llano = Bryoria nitidula
lanea auct. non (Hoffm.) Vainio = Bryoria nitidula
lanestris (Ach.) Gyelnik = Bryoria lanestris
luteola Mont.
= A. sarmentosa subsp. sarmentosa
minuscula (Nyl. ex Arnold)
Degel. = Pseudephebe minuscula
nadvornikiana Gyelnik = Bryoria nadvornikiana
nana Motyka = a nomen nudum = Bryoria
simplicior
nidulifera Norrlin = Bryoria furcellata
nitidula (Th. Fr.) Vainio = Bryoria nitidula
norstictica Motyka = a nomen nudum = Bryoria
pseudofuscescens
oregana Tuck. = Nodobryoria oregana
positiva (Gyelnik) Motyka = Bryoria fuscescens
pseudofuscescens Gyelnik = Bryoria pseudofuscescens
pubescens (L.) R. Howe = Pseudephebe pubescens
setacea (Ach.) Motyka = Bryoria capillaris
for North American records
simplicior (Vainio) Lynge = Bryoria simplicior
stigmata Bystrek = A. sarmentosa subsp. sarmentosa
subcana (Nyl. ex Stizenb.) Gyelnik = Bryoria subcana
subdivergens E. Dahl = Nodobryoria subdivergens
subsarmentosa Stirton = A. sarmentosa subsp. sarmentosa
subtilis Motyka = a nomen nudum = Bryoria
pseudofuscescens
tenerrima Motyka = Bryoria fremontii
tenuis E. Dahl = Bryoria tenuis
thrausta Ach. = Ramalina thrausta
tortuosa G. Merr. = Bryoria tortuosa
vexillifera (Nyl.) Stizenb. = A. sarmentosa subsp. vexillifera
virens auct. = Bryoria tortuosa for North American records
ALLANTOPARMELIA (Vainio) Essl.
almquistii (Vainio) Essl. Syn.: Parmelia almquistii
alpicola (Th. Fr.) Essl. Syn.: Parmelia alpicola
sibirica (Zahlbr.) Essl. = misidentification for North
America (personal communication, Linda Geiser)
ALLARTHONIA (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
caesia Flotow = Arthonia caesia
ALLOCETRARIA Kurokawa & Lai
madreporiformis (Ach.) Kärnef. & Thell Syns.:
Dactylina madreporiformis, Dufourea madreporiformis (Kärnefelt & Thell
1996)
oakesiana (Tuck.) Randlane & Thell Syn.: Cetraria
oakesiana
cucullata (Bellardi) Randlane & Saag = Flavocetraria cucullata
nivalis (L.) Randlane & Saag = Flavocetraria nivalis
AMANDINEA M. Choisy ex Scheid. & H. Mayrh.
adjuncta (Th. Fr.) Hafellner
Syn.: Buellia adjuncta (Hafellner 2004b)
coniops (Wahlenb.) M. Choisy ex Scheid. & H. Mayrh.
Syn.: Buellia coniops
cacuminum (Th. Fr.) H. Mayrhofer & Sheard Syn.: Rinodina
cacuminum (Mayrhofer & Sheard 2002)
dakotensis (H. Magn.) P. May & Sheard Syns.: Rinodina
dakotensis, R. finkii, R. inaequalis, R. pennsylvanica, R. subplumbea, R.
subpyriniformis. (Sheard & May 1997)
efflorescens (Müll. Arg.) Marbach (Marbach 2000)
langloisii Imshaug ex Marbach (Marbach 2000)
leucomela (Imshaug) P. May & Sheard Syns.: Buellia
leucoemela (Sheard & May 1997)
milliaria (Tuck.) P. May & Sheard Syn.: Rinodina milliaria
(Sheard & May 1997)
placodiomorpha (Vainio) Marbach Syn: Buellia placodiomorpha
(Marbach 2000)
polyspora (Willey) E. Lay & P. May Syn.: Buellia polyspora
(Sheard & May 1997)
punctata (Hoffm.) Coppins & Scheid. Syn.: Buellia
punctata, B. myriocarpa, B. pullata
subduplicata (Vainio) Marbach (Marbach 2000)
submontana Marbach (Marbach 2000)
turgescens (Nyl.) Marbach (Marbach 2000) = Buellia
badia (Bungartz & Nash 2004c)
AMPHILOMA Nyl.
lanuginosum (Hoffm.) Nyl. =
Leproloma membranaceum
AMYGDALARIA Norman
consentiens (Nyl.) Hertel, Brodo & Mas. Inoue
continua Brodo & Hertel
elegantior (H. Magn.) Hertel & Brodo Syns.: Huilia
elegantior, Lecidea elegantior
haidensis Brodo & Hertel
panaeola (Ach.) Hertel & Brodo Syns.: Lecidea panaeola,
Huilia panaeola
pelobotryon (Wahlenb.) Norman Syns.: Lecanora pelobotrya,
Aspicilia pelobotrya, Lecidea pelobotrya, L. "pelobotrion"
subdissentiens (Nyl.) Mas. Inoue & Brodo
ANAMYLOPSORA Timdal
pulcherrima (Vainio) Timdal Syns.: Lecidea pulcherrima, Psora
pulcherrima
ANAPTYCHIA Körber
bryorum Poelt
crinalis (Schaerer) Vězda (Esslinger 2007)
elbursiana (Szatala) Poelt (Esslinger 2002a) Syn.:
Physconia thomsonii
palmulata (Michaux) Vainio
ulotrichoides (Vainio) Vainio
appalachensis Kurok. = Heterodermia appalachensis
aquila (Ach.) A. Massal. North American records = A. palmulata
boryi (Feé) A. Massal. = Heterodermia boryi
casarettiana A. Massal. = Heterodermia casarettiana
chondroidea (W. A. Weber & D. D. Awasthi) Kurok. = Heterodermia chondroidea
ciliaris (L.) Körber = misidentifications for North
America
comosa (Eschw.) A. Massal. North American records = Heterodermia galactophylla
corallophora (Taylor)
Lynge = Heterodermia crocea (for North American records)
dendritica (Pers.) Vainio = Heterodermia dendritica
diademata (Taylor)
Kurok. = Heterodermia diademata
domingensis (Ach.) A. Massal. = Heterodermia albicans
echinata (Taylor)
Kurok. = Heterodermia echinata
erinacea (Ach.) Trevisan = Heterodermia erinacea
galactophylla (Tuck.) Trevisan = Heterodermia galactophylla
granulifera (Ach.) A. Massal. = Heterodermia granulifera
heterochroa Vainio = Heterodermia obscurata
hypoleuca (Muhl.) A. Massal. = Heterodermia hypoleuca
hypoleuca (Muhl.) A. Massal. var. colorata Zahlbr. = Heterodermia obscurata
isidiza Kurok. (Yoshimura
& Sharp 1973) = A. isidiata Tomin, but misidentification for North America
(Esslinger 2007)
kaspica Gyelnik = A. setifera, but North
American reports are A. crinalis
leucomela (L.) A. Massal. = Heterodermia leucomela
"leucomelaena" auct. = Heterodermia leucomela
major (Nyl.) Vainio = misidentifications for North America
neoleucomelaena Kurok. = Heterodermia boryi
obscurata (Nyl.) Vainio = Heterodermia obscurata
"palmatula" auct. = A. palmulata
pseudospeciosa Kurok. = Heterodermia pseudospeciosa
pseudospeciosa Kurok. var. tremulans (Müll. Arg.) Kurok. = Heterodermia
speciosa
ravenelii (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Heterodermia albicans
setifera Räsänen North American reports are A. crinalis
sorediifera (Müll. Arg.)
Du Rietz & Lynge = Heterodermia obscurata
speciosa (Wulfen) A. Massal. = Heterodermia speciosa
squamulosa Degel. = Heterodermia squamulosa
stippaea (Ach.) Nádv. = A. bryorum
tropica Kurok. = Heterodermia tropica
ANEMA Nyl. ex Forss.
progidulum (Nyl.) Henssen (Schultz 2002a)
dodgei
Herre = Heppia despreauxii (Mont.) Tuck. (Schultz 2007b)
jenisejensis H. Magn. = misidentification for North
America
ANISOMERIDIUM (Müll. Arg.) M. Choisy
albisedum (Nyl.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Ditremis albiseda
ambiguum (Zahlbr.) R. C. Harris Syns.: Arthopyrenia ambigua, Ditremis ambigua
anisolobum (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot Syns.: Arthopyrenia anisoloba,
Ditremis anisoloba
aureopunctatum R. C. Harris Syn.: Ditremis macrospora R. C.
Harris non Makhija & Patwardhan (Harris 1995a)
biforme (Borrer) R. C. Harris Syns.: Arthopyrenia biformis, A.
parvula, A. conformis auct. N. Am., Ditremis biformis, Trimmatothele umbellulariae
biformoides R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
carinthiacum (Steiner) R. C. Harris Syns.: Arthopyrenia
carinthiaca, A. dimidiata, Ditremis carinthiaca
distans (Willey) R. C. Harris Syns.: Arthopyrenia distans,
Ditremis distans
excaecariae (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris Syn.: A. sanfordense,
Ditremis sanfordensis (Harris 1995a)
finkii (R. C. Harris) R. C. Harris Syn.: Ditremis finkii
(Harris 1995a)
griffinii R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
leucochlorum (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Arthopyrenia
leucochlora, Ditremis leucochlora
[Ditremis macrospora R. C.
Harris]
phaeospermum R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
polypori (Ellis & Everh.) M. E. Barr Syns.: Ditremis
nyssigena, Arthopyrenia willeyana (Barr et al. 1996)
quadricoccum R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a, Aptroot 1997)
quaternarium (R. C. Harris) R. C. Harris Syn.: Ditremis
quaternaria (Harris 1995a)
subprostans (Nyl.) R. C. Harris Syns.: Arthopyrenia
subprostans, Ditremis subprostans.
tamarindi (Fée) R. C. Harris Syn.: Ditremis tamarindi.
terminatum (Nyl.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Ditremis terminata,
Pleurotrema anacardi (Harris 1995a)
tuckerae R. C. Harris Syn.: Ditremis tuckerae.
feeanum (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris = A. anisolobum
juistense (Erichsen) R. C. Harris = A. polypori
nyssigenum (Ellis & Everh.) R. C. Harris = A. polypori
sanfordense (Zahlbr.) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium excaecariae
ANOMOMORPHA Nyl.
turbulenta (Nyl.) Hue Syn.: Graphis turbulenta (Staiger 2002)
ANTHRACOTHECIUM Hampe ex A. Massal.
canellae-albae (Fée) Müll. Arg.
nanum (Zahlbr.) R. C. Harris Syns.: Pleurotheliopsis nana, (?)
P. australiensis, Parmentaria nana
prasinum (Eschw.) R. C. Harris
staurosporum (Tuck. ex Willey) Zahlbr.
subglobosum Riddle
varians R. C. Harris
corticatum Müll. Arg. = Pyrenula corticata
falsarium Zahlbr. = Pyrenula falsaria
leucostomum (Ach.) Malme = Pyrenula leucostoma
libricola (Fée) Müll. Arg. North American records are probably misidentifications.
maculare Zahlbr. = Pyrenula macularis
mucosum (Vainio) Zahlbr. North American reports are probably
misidentifications.
ochraceoflavens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Pyrenula ochraceoflavens
ochraceoflavum (Nyl.) Müll. Arg.
= Pyrenula ochraceoflava
pauciloculare Herre = identity uncertain
pyrenuloides (Mont.)
Müll. Arg.
= Pyrenula pyrenuloides
thelomorphum (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Pyrenula thelomorpha
ANZIA Stizenb.
americana
Yoshim. & Sharp
colpodes (Ach.) Stizenb.
ornata (Zahlbr.) Asahina
ANZINA Scheid.
carneonivea (Anzi) Scheid. (Goward et al. 1996)
APATOPLACA Poelt & Hafellner = CALOPLACA
oblongula (H. Magn.) Poelt & Hafellner = Caloplaca oblongula
ARCTOCETRARIA Kärnefelt & Thell
andrejevii (Oksner) Kärnefelt & Thell Syn.: Cetraria
andrejevii, C. simmonsii
nigricascens (Nyl.) Kärnefelt & Thell Syn.: Cetraria
nigricascens, C. elenkinii, C. sibirica
ARCTOMIA Th. Fr.
delicatula Th. Fr.
interfixa (Nyl.) Vainio
ARCTOPARMELIA Hale
centrifuga (L.) Hale Syns.: Parmelia centrifuga, P. aleuritica,
Xanthoparmelia centrifuga
incurva (Pers.) Hale Syns.: Parmelia incurva, Xanthoparmelia
incurva
separata (Th. Fr.) Hale Syns.: Parmelia separata, P. birulae
var. grumosa, Xanthoparmelia separata
subcentrifuga (Oksner) Hale Syns.: Parmelia subcentrifuga,
Xanthoparmelia subcentrifuga
aleuritica (Nyl.) Hale = A. centrifuga
ARCTOPELTIS Poelt
thuleana Poelt
ARRHENIA Fries
*peltigerina (Peck) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys
Syn.: Omphalina peltigerina (Redhead et al. 2002)
ARTHONIA Ach.
albofuscescens Tuck.
+albopulverea Nyl. (Grube 2007)
albovirescens Nyl.
aleuromela Nyl.
*anjutii S. Kondr. & Alstrup (Kondratyuk 1996)
apatetica (A. Massal.) Th. Fr.
arthonioides (Ach.) A. L. Sm.
asteriscus Müll. Arg.
atomaria (Lynge) R. Kilias
atrata (Fée) Müll. Arg.
beccariana (Bagl.) Stizenb.
(Grube 2007)
*biatoricola
Ihlen & Owe-Larss. (Ihlen et al.
2004b)
bisepta Degel.
byssacea (Weigel) Almq.
caesia (Flotow) Körber Syn.: Allarthonia caesia
caribea (Ach.) A. Massal.
caudata Willey
*ceracea Etayo & Breuss (Etayo & Breuss 1998)
cinereopruinosa Schaerer
cinnabarina (DC.) Wallr.
*clemens (Tul.) Th. Fr.
complanata Fée
conferta (Fée) Nyl.
cupressina Tuck.
cytisi A. Massal.
didyma Körber
diffusa Nyl.
diffusella Fink
*digitatae Hafellner (Knudsen & Lendemer
2007)
*diplociae Calat. & Diederich (Grube 2007)
dispersa (Schrader) Nyl.
dispersula Nyl.
eckfeldtii Müll. Arg.
*epicladonia
(Nyl.) Alstrup & Zhurb. (Zhurbenko
& Alstrup 2004)
*epimela (Almq.) I. M. Lamb
(Goward et al. 1996)
*epiphyscia Nyl.
erubescens Willey
erupta Nyl.
excedens Nyl.
*excentrica
Th. Fr. (Hafellner et al. 2002)
exilis (Flörke) Anzi
*farinacea (H. Olivier) R. Sant. (Diederich 2003)
fissurina Nyl.
floridana Willey
fuliginosa (Schaerer) Flotow
*fuscopurpurea (Tul.) R. Sant. (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
gerhardii Egea & Torrente (Grube 2007)
+glaucella Nyl. (Grube 2007)
glebosa Tuck.
granosa B. de Lesd.
gyalectoides Müll. Arg.
hamamelidis Nyl.
helvola (Nyl.) Nyl. (Harris 1977)
hypobela (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
ilicina Taylor
impallens Nyl.
incarnata Th. Fr. ex Almq.
infectans Egea & Torrente (Egea & Torrente 1995)
*intexta Almq.
lapidicola (Taylor)
Branth & Rostrup
lecanactidea Zahlbr.
*lecanorina
(Almq.) Grube (Grube 2007)
*lethariicola Alstrup & M. Cole (Alstrup & Cole
1998)
leucastraea Tuck.
leucopellaea (Ach.) Almq.
*linitae R. Sant. (Esslinger & Egan 1995)
luridoalba Nyl.
madreana Egea & Torrente (Egea & Torrente 1995)
mediella Nyl.
microspermella Willey
*molendoi (Heufl. ex Frauenf.) R. Sant. (Alstrup & Cole 1998; Hafellner et al. 2002)
muscigena Th. Fr. Syn.: Bryostigma leucodontis
neoni B. de Lesd.
*nephromaria (Nyl.) Nyl. ex H. Olivier
ochrocincta Willey
ochrodiscodes Nyl.
ochrolutea Nyl.
palmulacea (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant.
patellulata Nyl.
*peltigerea
Th. Fr. (Hafellner et al. 2002)
*peltigerina
(Almq.) H. Olivier
perminuta Willey
phaeobaea (Norman) Norman
*phaeophysciae
Grube & Matzer (Hafellner et al. 2002)
phlyctiformis Nyl. subsp. californica
Grube (Grube 2007)
pinastri Anzi
platygraphidea Nyl.
platyspilea Nyl.
polygramma Nyl.
polymorpha Ach.
+pruinascens (Zahlbr.) Grube (Grube 2007)
pruinata (Pers.) Steud. ex A. L. Sm. (Grube 2007)
+pruinosella Nyl. (Grube 2007)
pruinosula Nyl.
punctiformis Ach.
pyrrhuliza Nyl.
quintaria Nyl.
radiata (Pers.) Ach.
ravenelii Tuck.
redingeri Grube (Grube 2007)
reniformis (Pers.) Ach.
+rhoidis Zahlbr. (Grube 2007)
rubella (Fée) Nyl.
rupicola Fink
+sanguinea Willey (Grube 2007)
+locularis Zahlbr. (Grube 2007)
siderea Degel.
spadicea Leighton
speciosa (Müll. Arg.) Grube (Grube 2007)
stellaris Kremp.
subastroidella Nyl.
subdiffusa Willey
subdispuncta Nyl.
*subfuscicola (Lindsay) Triebel
subminutissima Nyl.
subminutula Nyl.
subrubella Nyl.
taedescens Nyl.
terrigena Nyl.
+tetramera (Stizenb.) Hasse (Grube 2007)
torulosa Fée
tremelloides Etayo (Grube 2007)
tuckermaniana Willey
varia (Ach.) Nyl.
*varians (Davies) Nyl. Syn.: Celidium varians (Hawksworth
2003)
vernans Willey
verrucosa Egea & Torrente (Grube 2007)
vinosa Leighton
viridicans Willey
xylographica Nyl.
alba Müll. Arg. = a Stirtonia sp.
aspersa Leighton = A. arthonioides
atractospora Zahlbr. = erroneous listing for Arthopyrenia atractospora
carneorufa Willey = Catillaria erysiboides
chiodectella Nyl. = A.
pruinata (Grube 2007)
convexella Nyl. = a non-lichenized fungus (Mycoporum sp.?)
epipastoides auct. N.A. non
Nyl. = A.
glaucella (Grube 2007)
fusca (A. Massal.) Hepp = A.
lapidicola
galactitella
Nyl. = A. glaucella (Grube 2007)
glaucescens Nyl. = Schismatomma glaucescens
glaucomaria (Nyl.) Nyl. = A. varians (Hawksworth 2003)
gregaria (Weigel) Körber = A. cinnabarina
gregarina Willey = Coniarthonia gregarina
impolita (Hoffm.) Borrer = A. pruinata
lecideella Nyl. ex Willey = A. caesia
(Lendemer 2008)
leucodontis (Poelt & Döbb.) Coppins = A. muscigena
lurida Ach. nom. rej. = A. spadicea
melaspora Tuck. = Sporostigma melaspora (Grube 2001)
pyrrhula Nyl. = Coniarthonia pyrrhula
spectabilis
(A. Massal.) Flotow = Arthothelium spectabile
+stictella Stizenb. = A. albopulverea (Grube
2007)
tumidula (Ach.) Ach. = A.
cinnabarina
willeyi
Tuck. = A. diffusa (Lendemer 2004a)
ARTHOPHACOPSIS Hafellner
*parmeliarum Hafellner (Diederich 2003, Zhurbenko &
Laursen 2003)
ARTHOPYRENIA A. Massal.
+analepta (Ach.) A. Massal. (Harris 1995a, Aptroot
2002a) Syn.: Polyblastiopsis fallax
cerasi (Schrader) A. Massal.
cinchonae (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
cinereopruinosa (Schaerer) A. Massal.
confluens R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
degelii R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
esenbeckiana (Fée) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
exasperata R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
lyrata R. C. Harris
majuscula (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
malaccitula (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
minor R. C. Harris
oblongens R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
planorbis (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
plumbaria (Stizenb.) R. C. Harris Syns.: Porina plumbaria,
Pyrenula herrei
punctiformis (Stizenb.) R.C. Harris (Aptroot 2002a)
rappii Zahlbr.
rhyponta (Ach.) A. Massal. (Aptroot 2002a)
taxodii R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
*texensis (Cooke) D. Hawksw.
affinis (A. Massal.) R. C. Harris = Strigula affinis North American records are
S. jamesii
alba (Schrader) Zahlbr. = Acrocordia gemmata
ambigua Zahlbr. = Anisomeridium ambiguum
anacardii Vainio = Anisomeridium terminatum
analeptella (Nyl.) Arnold
= misidentifications for North America
anisoloba Müll. Arg.
= Anisomeridium anisoloba
antecellens (Nyl.) Arnold
= Mycoporum antecellens
atomarioides Müll. Arg.
= Naetrocymbe atomarioides, to be excluded as non-lichen-forming (Harris 1995a)
atractospora Zahlbr. = Naetrocymbe atractospora, to be excluded as
non-lichen-forming (Harris 1995a)
bifera Zahlbr. = A. malaccitula
biformis (Borrer) A. Massal. = Anisomeridium biforme
carinthiaca J. Steiner = Anisomeridium carinthiacum
cavata (Ach.) R. C. Harris = Acrocordia cavata
conformis (Nyl.) Müll. Arg.
= misidentifications for North America, mostly
Anisomeridium biforme
conoidea (Fr.) Zahlbr. = Acrocordia conoidea
dimidiata Fink = Anisomeridium carinthiacum
distans (Willey) Zahlbr. = Anisomeridium distans
epidermidis (DC.) A. Massal. = Naetrocymbe punctiformis, to be excluded as
non-lichen-forming (Harris 1995a)
faginea (Schaerer) Swinscow = Strigula stigmatella
fallax (Nyl.) Arnold
= A. analepta
finkii Zahlbr. = Acrocordia megalospora
floridana Zahlbr. = Naetrocymbe atomarioides, to be excluded as
non-lichen-forming (Harris 1995a)
fraxini A. Massal. = Naetrocymbe fraxini, to be excluded as non-lichen-forming
(Harris 1995a)
gemmata (Ach.) A. Massal. = Acrocordia gemmata
halodytes (Nyl.) Arnold
= Pyrenocollema halodytes
hyalospora (Nyl.) Fink = Lithothelium hyalosporum
lapponina Anzi = A. analepta
leucochlora Müll. Arg.
= Anisomeridium leucochlorum
macrocarpa (Körber) Zahlbr. = misidentifications for North
America
macrospora Fink = Acrocordia megalospora
megalospora Lonnr. = Naetrocymbe megalospora, to be excluded as
non-lichen-forming (Harris 1995a)
mycoporoides Müll. Arg.
= Mycoporum mycoporoides
padi Rabenh. = Naetrocymbe punctiformis, to be excluded as non-lichen-forming
(Harris 1995a)
parvula Zahlbr. = Anisomeridium biforme
pinicola (Hepp) A. Massal. = A. cinereopruinosa
prospersella (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Pyrenocollema prospersella
punctiformis (Pers.) A. Massal. = Naetrocymbe punctiformis. to be excluded as
non-lichen-forming (Harris 1995a)
quinqueseptata (Nyl.) Müll. Arg.
= Polymeridium quinqueseptatum
rhyponta (Ach.) A. Massal. = misidentifications for North
America
salicis A. Massal. = Naetrocymbe ?, to be excluded as non-lichen-forming
(Harris 1995a)
sanfordensis Zahlbr. = Anisomeridium excaecariae
sphaeroides (Wallr.) Zahlbr. = Acrocordia gemmata
sublitoralis (Leighton) Arnold
= Pyrenocollema sublitorale
submuriformis R. C. Harris = Strigula submuriformis
subprostans (Nyl.) Müll. Arg.
= Anisomeridium subprostans
subpunctiformis Nyl. = A. atomarioides
tenuis R. C. Harris = Strigula americana
tichothecioides Arnold
= Pyrenocollema tichothecioides
willeyana R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium polypori
ARTHOTHELIOPSIS Vainio
floridensis Lücking & W. R. Buck (Lücking et al. 2007)
planicarpa (Lücking) Lücking, Sérus.
& Vězda (Lücking et al. 2007) A
tentative report.
ARTHOTHELIUM A. Massal.
abnorme (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
adveniens Nyl.
albovirescens (Nyl.) Fink
anastomosans (Ach.) Arnold
distendens (Nyl.) Müll. Arg.
hallii (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
interveniens (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
macounii (G. Merr.) W. Noble
macrothecum (Fée) A. Massal.
norvegicum Coppins & Tønsberg (Tønsberg & Williams 2006)
orbilliferum (Almq.) Hasse
ruanum (A. Massal.) Körber
spectabile A. Massal.
subcyrtodes (Willey) Hasse
taediosum (Nyl.) Müll. Arg.
violascens (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
gregarinum (Willey) Zahlbr. = Coniarthonia gregarina
ilicinum (Taylor) P. James = Arthonia ilicina
+pruinascens Zahlbr. = Arthonia pruinascens (Grube 2007)
ruanideum (Nyl.) Arnold = A. ruanum
+sanguineum (Willey) Zahlbr. = Arthonia sanguinea (Grube 2007)
ARTHRORHAPHIS Th. Fr.
*aeruginosa R. Sant. & Tønsberg
alpina (Schaerer) R. Sant. Syn.: Bacidia alpina
citrinella (Ach.) Poelt Syn.: Bacidia citrinella, B.
flavovirescens
#grisea Th. Fr. Syn.: Lahmia fueistingii
ARTHROSPORUM A. Massal.
populorum A. Massal. Syns.: Bacidia populorum, B. acclinis
accline (Flotow) A. Massal. = A. populorum
ASAHINEA Culb. & C. Culb.
chrysantha (Tuck.) Culb. & C. Culb. Syn.: Cetraria
chrysantha
scholanderi (Llano) Culb. & C. Culb. Syn.: Cetraria
scholanderi
ASPICILIA A. Massal.
albomarginata B. de Lesd. Syn.: Lecanora albomarginata
[Lecanora albopruinosa Looman]
alboradiata (H. Magn.) Oksner Syn.: Lecanora alboradiata
aliena (Zahlbr.) Oksner Syn.: Lecanora aliena
americana B. de Lesd. Syn.: Lecanora americana
anglica Owe-Larss. & A. Nordin (Owe-Larsson et al. 2007)
annulata (Lynge) J. W. Thomson Syn.: Lecanora annulata
anseris (Lynge) J. W. Thomson Synonym: Lecanora anseris
aquatica Körber Syn.: Lecanora aquatica
arctica (Lynge) Oksner Syn.: Lecanora arctica
arizonica Owe-Larss. & A. Nordin (Owe-Larsson et al. 2007, Knudsen et al.
2008b)
aurantiaca Owe-Larss. & A. Nordin (Knudsen et al. 2008b)
boykinii Owe-Larss. & A. Nordin (Owe-Larsson et al.
2007)
brucei Owe-Larss. & A. Nordin (Owe-Larsson et al. 2007)
caesiocinerea (Nyl. ex Malbr.) Arnold Syn.: Lecanora
caesiocinerea
caesiopruinosa (H. Magn.) J. W. Thomson Syn.: Lecanora
caesiopruinosa
calcarea (L.) Mudd Syn.: Lecanora calcarea
californica Rosentreter (Rosentreter 1998)
candida (Anzi) Hue Syn.: Lecanora candida
cinerea (L.) Körber Syn.: Lecanora cinerea
cingulata (Zahlbr.) Oksner Syn.: Lecanora cingulata
composita (Lynge) J. W. Thomson Syn.: Lecanora composita
concinna (J. W. Thomson) J. W. Thomson (Thomson 1997)
confusa Owe-Larss. & A. Nordin (Owe-Larsson et al. 2007)
contigua (Lynge) J. W. Thomson
contorta (Hoffm.) Kremp. Syn.: Lecanora contorta
cuprea Owe-Larss. & A. Nordin (Owe-Larsson et al. 2007,
Knudsen et al. 2008b)
curvabilis (Nyl.) Hue (Hansen 2006)
cyanescens Owe-Larss. & A. Nordin (Owe-Larsson et al. 2007)
desertorum (Kremp.) Mereschk. Syns.: Lecanora
desertorum, L. elmorei
determinata (H. Magn.) N. S. Golubk. (Owe-Larsson et al. 2007)
disserpens (Zahlbr.) Räsänen Syn.: Lecanora
disserpens
elevata (Lynge) J. W. Thomson Syn.: Lecanora elevata
filiformis Rosentreter (Rosentreter 1998)
fimbriata (H. Magn.) Clauzade & Rondon Syn.: Lecanora
fimbriata
fruticulosa (Eversm.) Flagey
fumosa Owe-Larss. & A. Nordin (Owe-Larsson et al. 2007)
gibbosa (Ach.) Körber Syns.: Lecanora gibbosa, L.
gibbosula
glaucopsina (Nyl. ex Hasse) Hue
(Knudsen 2005b, Owe-Larsson et al. 2007)
grisea Arnold (Fryday 2001)
hispida Mereschk. Syns.: Agrestia hispida, A. cyphellata
heteroplaca (Zahlbr.) Oksner Syn.: Lecanora heteroplaca
humboldtii (Lynge) J. W. Thomson
karelica (H. Magn.) Oksner
knudsenii Owe-Larss. & A. Nordin (Owe-Larsson et al. 2007)
laevata (Ach.) Arnold Syn.: Lecanora laevata
laxula (H. Magn.) Brodo
leprosescens (Sandst.) Hav.
lesleyana Darb.
Syn.: Lecanora lesleyana
limitata (H. Magn.) J. W. Thomson Syn.: Lecanora limitata
mashiginensis (Zahlbr.) Oksner
mastoidea (Lynge) J. W. Thomson Syn.: Lecanora mastoidea
mastrucata (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr. (Wetmore 1967, as Lecanora
mastrucata)
mazarina (Wahlenb.) R. Sant.
moenium (Vainio) Thor & Timdal
narssaquensis (Lynge) J. W. Thomson Syns.: Lecanora basaltica,
L. narssaquensis
nashii Owe-Larss. & A. Nordin (Owe-Larsson et al. 2007)
nathorstii (Lynge) J. W. Thomson
nikrapensis Darb. Syn.:
Lecanora nikrapensis
nordlandica (H. Magn.) Degel.
novae-semliae (Zahlbr.) Oksner
olivaceobrunnea Owe-Larss. & A. Nordin (Owe-Larsson et al. 2007)
pacifica Owe-Larss. & A. Nordin (Owe-Larsson et al. 2007, Knudsen et al. 2008b)
pergibbosa (H. Magn.) Räsänen Syn.: Lecanora
pergibbosa
perradiata (Nyl.) Hue Syn.: Lecanora perradiata
pertusa (Lynge) J. W. Thomson Syn.: Lecanora pertusa
phaea Owe-Larss. & A. Nordin (Owe-Larsson et al. 2007,
Knudsen et al. 2008b)
plicigera (Zahlbr.) Räsänen Syn.: Lecanora
plicigera
polychroma Anzi Syn.: Lecanora polychroma
praecrenata (Nyl.) Hue
Syn. : Lecanora praecrenata (Owe-Larsson et al. 2007, Knudsen et
al. 2008b)
quartzitica W. A. Weber
reptans (Looman) Wetmore Syn.: Lecanora reptans
rolleana Hue Syn.: Lecanora rolleana
rosulata Körber Syn.: Lecanora rosulata
ryrkaipiae (H. Magn.) Oksner Syn.: Lecanora ryrkaipiae
santamonicae Owe-Larss. & A. Nordin (Owe-Larsson et al. 2007,
Knudsen et al. 2008b)
simoënsis Räsänen (Owe-Larsson et
al. 2007)
sipeana (H. Magn.) Owe-Larss. &
A. Nordin Syn. : Lecanora sipeana
(Owe-Larsson et al. 2007)
sorediza (Lynge) J. W. Thomson
sublapponica (Zahlbr.) Oksner Syn.: Lecanora sublapponica
submersa (Lamy) Hue
subplicigera (H. Magn.) Oksner
subradians (Nyl.) Hue Syns.: Lecanora stygioplaca, L.
subradiascens, L. subradians
substictica Owe-Larss. & A. Nordin (Owe-Larss. et al. 2007)
supertegens Arnold Syn.: Lecanora supertegens
tenuis (H. Magn.) Owe-Larss. &
A. Nordin Syn. : Lecanora tenuis
(Owe-Larsson et al. 2007)
verrucigera Hue
Syn.: Lecanora verrucigera
alphoplaca (Wahlenb.) Poelt & Leuckert = Lobothallia alphoplaca
alpina (Sommerf.) Arnold = Bellemerea alpina
bennettii (Lynge) J. W. Thomson = A. mashiginensis
cinereorufescens (Ach.) A. Massal. = Bellemerea cinereorufescens
diamarta (Ach.) Boistel = Bellemerea diamarta
excavata Thor & Timdal = A. moenium
flavida (Hepp) Rehm = Eiglera flavida
lacustris (With.) Th. Fr. = Ionaspis lacustris
melanaspis (Ach.) Poelt & Leuckert = Lobothallia melanaspis
melinodes Körber = Porpidia melinodes
myrinii (Fr.) Stein = Aspilidea myrinii
pelobotrya (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr. = Amygdalaria pelobotryon
praeradiosa (Nyl.) Poelt & Leuckert = Lobothallia praeradiosa
radiosa (Hoffm.) Poelt & Leuckert = Lobothallia radiosa
sanguinea Kremp. = Bellemerea sanguinea
stygioplaca (Nyl.) Hue = A.
subradians
subradiascens (Nyl.) Hue = A. subradians
subsorediza (Lynge) R. Sant. = Bellemerea subsorediza
ASPIDOTHELIUM Vainio
fugiens (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant.
ASPILIDEA Hafellner (Hafellner & Türk 2001)
myrinii (Fr.) Hafellner
ASTEROPHOMA D. Hawksw.
*mazaediicola D. Hawksw.
ASTEROTHYRIUM Müll. Arg.
decipiens (Rehm) R. Sant.
leucophthalmum (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant.
rotuliforme (Mull. Arg.) Sérus. Syns.: Gyalectidium
rotuliforme, Lopadiopsis floridana
ASTROTHELIUM Eschw.
cinnamomeum (Eschw.) Müll. Arg.
confusum Müll. Arg.
diplocarpum Nyl. (Harris 1995a)
galbineum Kremp.
variolosum (Ach.) Müll. Arg. Syn.: Trypethelium catervarium
versicolor Müll. Arg.
conicum auct. = A. cinnamomeum
conicum Eschw. = (?) type not found
ochrothelizum Müll. Arg.
= A. galbineum
ATHELIA Pers.
*arachnoidea (Berk.) Jülich
(Haffelner et al. 2002)
+epiphylla Pers.
poeltii Jülich
AULAXINA Fée
microphana (Vainio) R. Sant.
quadrangula (Stirton) R. Sant.
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BACHMANNIOMYCES D. Hawksw.
*uncialicola (Zopf) D. Hawksw.
BACIDIA De Not.
absistens (Nyl.) Arnold
aggregatula Malme
arceutina (Ach.) Arnold
[Bilimbia artyta (Ach.) Fink]
auerswaldii (Hepp ex Stizenb.) Mig.
augustinii (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = misplaced here, correct placement
uncertain (Ekman 1996)
bagliettoana (A. Massal. & De Not.) Jatta
beckhausii Körber = misplaced here? (Ekman 1996)
biatorina (Körber) Vainio
brouardii (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr.
campalea (Tuck.) S. Ekman & Kalb
circumspecta (Nyl. ex Vainio) Malme
coprodes (Körber) Lettau (Llop & Ekman 2004)
coruscans
S. Ekman (Ekman 2004a)
diffracta S. Ekman
flavens (Willey) Zahlbr. = a species of Lecania (Ekman 1996)
friesiana (Hepp) Körber
hegetschweileri (Hepp) Vainio
helicospora S. Ekman
herbarum (Stizenb.) Arnold
heterochroa (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr.
hostheleoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
igniarii (Nyl.) Oksner
illudens (Nyl.) Lynge
insularis Zahlbr.
ioessa Herre = misplaced here, correct placement uncertain
(Ekman 1996)
jacobi (Tuck.) Hasse = misplaced here, correct placement
uncertain (Ekman 1996, 2004a)
kingmanii Hasse = misplaced here, correct placement uncertain
(Ekman 1996)
laurocerasi (Delise ex Duby) Zahlbr. subsp. laurocerasi
(Ekman 1996)
laurocerasi subsp. idahoensis (H. Magn.) S.
Ekman
lobarica Printzen & Tønsberg (Printzen & Tønsberg
2007)
medialis (Tuck. ex Nyl.) B. de Lesd. (Ekman 1996)
microcarpa (Th. Fr.) Lettau Syn.: Mycobilimbia microcarpa
(Ekman 1996)
mutabilis Malme
phyllopsoropsis R. C. Harris & Lendemer (Harris & Lendemer 2006)
polychroa (Th. Fr.) Körber
ravenelii (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = misplaced here, correct placement
uncertain (Ekman 1996)
reagens Malme
rosella (Pers.) De Not.
rubella (Hoffm.) A. Massal.
rubidofusca (Willey) Zahlbr. = possibly a species of Gyalidea
(Ekman 1996)
russeola (Kremp.) Zahlbr.
salmonea S. Ekman
saxicola Looman = misplaced, correct placement uncertain
(Ekman 1996)
schweinitzii (Fr. ex E. Michener) A. Schneider
scopulicola (Nyl.) A. L. Sm.
siberiensis (Willey) Zahlbr.
subgranulosa (Tuck.) Riddle Erroneously listed as a synonym of
Phyllopsora canoumbrina in the checklist; possibly belongs to Psorella (Ekman
1996)
subincompta (Nyl.) Arnold
suffusa (Fr.) A. Schneider
veneta
S. Ekman (Ekman 2004a)
vermifera (Nyl.) Th. Fr. (Ekman 1996)
viridifarinosa Coppins & P. James (Tønsberg 1997)
abbrevians (Nyl.) Th. Fr. = B. igniarii
abductans (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = B. schweinitzii
accedens (Arnold)
Lettau = Myxobilimbia accedens
accedens sensu Harris = unnamed species (Ekman 1996)
acclinis (Flotow) Zahlbr. = Arthrosporum populorum
affinis (Stizenb.) Vainio = B. subincompta
akompsa (Tuck.) Fink = a Lecanactis sp.
alaskensis (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Herteliana alaskensis
albescens (Kremp.) Zwackh = Bacidina phacodes, but misidentifications for N.A.
(Ekman 1996)
alpina (Schaerer) Vainio = Arthrorhaphis alpina
apiahica (Müll. Arg.)
Zahlbr. = Bacidina apiahica
arnoldiana Körber = Bacidina arnoldiana
arthoniza (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Lecidella stigmatea
assulata (Körber) Vězda = Bacidina assulata
atrogrisea (Delise ex Hepp) Körber = B. laurocerasi
aurantiaca Vězda = Fellhanera aurantiaca
bacillifera (Nyl.) Arnold
= B. circumspecta
caloosensis (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = B. hostheleoides
carneoalbida (Müll. Arg.)
Coppins = a species of Mycobilimbia (Ekman 1996, Printzen 1995)
chlorantha (Tuck.) Fink = Ropalospora chlorantha
chlorococca (Stenh.) Lettau = Scoliciosporum chlorococcum
chlorosticta (Tuck.) A. Schneider = Micarea chlorosticta
citrinella (Ach.) Branth & Rostrup = Arthrorhaphis citrinella
clementis Hasse = Bactrospora patellarioides (Ekman 1996)
cuprea (A. Massal.) Lettau = Lecania cuprea (Ekman 1996)
cupreorosella (Nyl.) A. Schneider = Lecania cuprea
declinis (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Catillaria nigroclavata
dryina (Ach.) Fink = Bactrospora dryina
effusa auct. = B. assulata
egenula (Nyl.) Arnold
= Bacidina egenula
egenuloidea Fink = Bacidina egenuloidea
endocyanea (Tuck. ex Willey) Zahlbr. = Micarea endocyanea
endoleuca auct. = B. laurocerasi
epixanthoides (Nyl.) Lettau = a species of Mycobilimbia (Ekman 1996)
flavovirescens (Dickson) Anzi = Arthrorhaphis citrinella
floridana (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Fellhanera floridana
fusca (A. Massal.) Du Rietz = Mycobilimbia tetramera
fuscorubella (Ach.) Bausch = B. polychroa
globulosa (Flörke) Hafellner & V. Wirth =
Biatora globulosa
granosa (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = B. coprodes
gyalectiformis (Zahlbr.) Hasse = Ramonia gyalectiformis
gyalizella (Nyl.) Zahlbr. =
Pachphiale gyalizella
hegetschweileri auct. = B. vermifera (Ekman 1996)
hegetschweileri (Hepp) Vainio = B. subincompta (Nyl.) Arnold (Ekman 1996)
herrei Zahlbr. = Ophioparma rubricosa
hypnophila (Turner ex Ach.) Zahlbr. = Myxobilimbia sabuletorum
idahoensis H. Magn. = B. laurocerasi subsp. idahoensis
incompta (Borrer ex Hooker) Anzi = misidentifications for North America
inundata (Fr.) Körber = Bacidina inundata
leucophyllina (Nyl.) Fink = misidentifications for North America
lignaria (Ach.) Lettau = Micarea lignaria
lugubris (Sommerf.) Zahlbr. = Ropalospora lugubris
luteola "(Ach.) Mudd" = B. rubella
meadii (Tuck. ex Willey) Zahlbr. = Byssoloma meadii
melaena (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Micarea melaena
microphyllina auct. = Phyllopsora santensis
microphyllina (Tuck.) Riddle = misidentifications for North
America
minuscula Anzi = B. beckhausii
molybditis (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = B. medialis
muscorum (Sw.) Mudd = B. bagliettoana
naegelii (Hepp) Zahlbr. = Lecania naegelii
nivalis Follmann = Stereocaulon nivale
obscurata (Sommerf.) Zahlbr. = Mycobilimbia tetramera
pallens (Kullhem) Zahlbr. = Biatora pallens
(Printzen & Otte 2005)
pammellii (Fink)
Zahlbr. = B. coprodes (Llop & Ekman 2007)
phacodes auct. N. Am. = Bacidina californica, in part
populorum (A. Massal.) Trevisan = Arthrosporum populorum
rubricosa (Müll. Arg.)
Zahlbr. = Ophioparma rubricosa
sabuletorum (Schreber) Lettau = Myxobilimbia sabuletorum
sphaeroides (Dickson) Zahlbr. = Mycobilimbia pilularis
sphaeroides auct. non (Dickson) Zahlbr. = B. carneoalbida
stigmatella (Tuck.) Zahlbr. =
Lecania stigmatella
subfuscula (Nyl.) Th. Fr. = Lecania subfuscula
tetramera (De Not.) Coppins = Mycobilimbia tetramera
trachona (Ach.)
Lettau North American reports are B.
coprodes (Llop & Ekman 2004)
trisepta (Hellbom) Zahlbr. = Micarea peliocarpa
umbrina (Ach.) Bausch = Scoliciosporum umbrinum
verecundula (Th. Fr.) = misidentification for North
America (Ekman 1996)
BACIDINA Vězda
aenea S. Ekman
apiahica (Müll. Arg.) Vězda Syn.: Bacidia
apiahica
arnoldiana (Körber) Wirth & Vězda Syn.: Bacidia
arnoldiana
assulata (Körber) S. Ekman Syn.: Bacidia assulata, B. effusa
californica S. Ekman
chloroticula (Nyl.) Vězda & Poelt (Ekman 1996)
crystallifera S. Ekman
delicata (Leighton) V. Wirth & Vězda (Harris &
Lendemer 2005)
egenula (Nyl.) Vězda Syn.: Bacidia egenula
egenuloidea (Fink) S. Ekman Syn.: Bacidia egenuloidea
inundata (Fr.) Vězda Syn.: Bacidia inundata
neosquamulosa (Aptroot & van Herk) S.
Ekman (Ekman 2004b)
ramea S. Ekman
squamellosa S. Ekman
varia S. Ekman
phacodes (Körber) Vězda = Bacidina californica, in part, for N.A. records
BACTROSPORA A. Massal.
acicularis
(C. W. Dodge) Egea & Torrente (Egea
et al. 2004a)
brevispora R.C. Harris
brodoi Egea & Torrente
cascadensis Ponzetti & McCune
(Ponzetti & McCune 2006)
denticulata (Vainio) Egea & Torrente
dryina (Ach.) A. Massal. Syn.: Bacidia dryina
lamprospora (Nyl.) Lendemer
Syns.: Gyalecta lamprospora, Melampylidium macrosporum (Lendemer 2004a)
mesospora R.C. Harris
myriadea (Fée) Egea & Torrente
patellarioides (Nyl.) Vainio Syns.: Lecanactis patellarioides,
Bacidia clementis
spiralis Egea & Torrente
integrispora Seaver = B. denticulata (Harris 1995a)
macrospora R.C. Harris = B. lamprospora
nematospora R.C. Harris = B. myriadea
BACULIFERA Marbach & Kalb
curtisii (Tuck.) Marbach Syn.: Buellia curtisii (Marbach 2000)
imshaugiana (R. C. Harris) Marbach Syn.: Buellia imshaugiana
(Marbach 2000)
BAEOMYCES Pers.
carneus Flörke
placophyllus Ach.
rufus (Hudson)
Rebent.
absolutus Tuck. = Dibaeis absoluta
fungoides (Sw.) Ach. North American reports are Dibaeis baeomyces
roseus Pers. = Dibaeis baeomyces
BAGLIETTOA A. Massal.
baldensis (A. Massal.) Vězda
(Breuss 2007a)
BATHELIUM Ach. (Harris 1995a)
carolinianum (Tuck.) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a) Syn.:
Trypethelium carolinianum
madreporiforme (Eschw.) Trevisan (Harris 1995a) Syn.: Laurera
madreporiformis
BELLEMEREA Hafellner & Cl. Roux
alpina (Sommerf.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux Syns.: Lecanora
alpina, L. applegatei, Aspicilia alpina
cinereorufescens (Ach.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux Syns.: Aspicilia cinereorufescens, Lecanora
cinereorufescens
diamarta (Ach.) Hafellner & Cl. Roux Syn.: Aspicilia
diamarta
sanguinea (Kremp.) Hafellner & Cl. Roux Syns.: Aspicilia
sanguinea, Lecanora sanguinea
subsorediza (Lynge) R. Sant. Syns.: Lecidea subsorediza,
Aspicilia subsorediza
BELLEMERELLA Nav.-Ros. & Cl. Roux
*ritae Pérez-Ortega & T. Sprib. (Pérez-Ortega
& Spribille 2007)
BELONIA Körber ex Nyl.
russula Körber ex Nyl.
americana Fink ex Hedr. = Robergea pupula, but excluded as a non-lichen
fennica Vainio = B. russula
BIATORA Fr.
aegrefaciens Printzen (Printzen et al. 2002)
alaskana Printzen & Tønsberg (Printzen & Tønsberg
1999)
appalachensis Printzen &
Tønsberg (Printzen & Tønsberg 2004)
botryosa Fr. (Printzen 1995) Syn.: Lecidea botryosa
chrysantha (Zahlbr.) Printzen in V. Wirth (Printzen 1995)
chrysanthoides Printzen & Tønsberg (Printzen &
Tønsberg 2003)
cuprea (Sommerf.) Fr. Syn.: Lecidea cuprea
efflorescens (Hedl.) Räsänen (Printzen 1995) Syns.: Lecidea
efflorescens, L. epixanthoidiza
fallax Hepp (Printzen & Tønsberg 1999)
flavopunctata (Tønsberg) Hinteregger & Printzen Syn.:
Lecanora flavopunctata
globulosa (Flörke) Fr. Syns.:
Bacidia globulosa, Catillaria globulosa, Lecidea globulosa, L. sylvana
(Printzen 2004)
helvola Körber ex Hellbom (Printzen 1995) Syn.: Lecidea
helvola
hypophaea Printzen & Tønsberg (Printzen & Tønsberg
1999)
kodiakensis Printzen & Tønsberg
(Printzen & Tønsberg 2004)
longispora (Degel.) Lendemer &
Printzen Syn.: Lecidea helvola var.
longispora (Lendemer 2004b)
meiocarpa (Nyl.) Arnold Syn.: Lecidea meiocarpa, L. minuta
meiocarpa var. tacomensis
(Printzen & Tønsberg) Printzen & Tønsberg (Printzen & Tønsberg
2004)
nobilis Printzen & Tønsberg (Printzen & Tønsberg 1999)
ocelliformis (Nyl.) Arnold (Printzen
& Otte 2005)
oligocarpa Printzen & Tønsberg
(Printzen & Tønsberg 2004)
pallens (Kullhem) Printzen
(Printzen & Otte 2005) Syns.: Cliostomum pallens, Bacidia pallens
pausiaca Printzen & Tønsberg (Printzen & Tønsberg
2003)
pontica Printzen & Tønsberg (Printzen & Tønsberg 2003)
printzenii Tønsberg (Tønsberg 2002)
pycnidiata Printzen & Tønsberg
(Printzen & Tønsberg 2004)
rufidula (Graewe) S. Ekman & Printzen (Printzen &
Tønsberg 1999)
subduplex (Nyl.) Printzen (Printzen 1995) Syns.: Lecidea
subduplex, L.apochroeiza, L. internectens
toensbergii Holien & Printzen (Printzen & Tønsberg
1999)
turgidula (Fr.) Nyl. Syn.: L. turgidula
vacciniicola (Tønsberg) Printzen (Printzen 1995) Syn.: Lecidea
vacciniicola
vernalis (L.) Fr. Syn.: Lecidea vernalis
albohyalina (Nyl.) Bagl. & Carestia = Lecidea albohyalina (Printzen &
Tønsberg 1999)
anthracophila (Nyl.) Hafellner = Hypocenomyce anthracophila
botryosa Fr.
(Printzen 1995) = Hertelidea botryosa
carneoalbida (Müll. Arg.) Coppins = a species of Mycobilimbia (Ekman
1996, Printzen 1995)
cladoniscum Willey (see note under Nesolechia cladoniscum)
caulophylla Tuck. = a species of Lecanora? (Ryan & Nash 1997a)
epixanthoides (Nyl.) Diederich = Mycobilimbia epixanthoides
franciscana Tuck. = Lecania franciscana
furvonigrans Tuck. ex Willey =Lecidea furvonigrans
meadii Tuck. ex Willey = Byssoloma meadii
papillariae Willey (see note under Nesolechia cladoniscum)
porphyrospoda Anzi =
Myochroidea porphyrospoda
pullata Norman
= Lecidea amaurospoda
pullula Tuck. = Lecidea pullula According to Printzen (1995), belongs to
Lecanora
russellii Tuck. = Psora russellii
sphaeroides (Dickson) Körber = Mycobilimbia pilularis
BIATORELLA De Not.
contigua
N. S. Golubk. & Piin (Zhurbenko et al. 2005)
cyphalea (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
floridensis H. Magn.
hemisphaerica Anzi
rappii Zahlbr.
albidula (Willey) Zahlbr. = Myrionora albidula
campestris (Fr.) Almq. = Sarcosagium campestre
clavus (DC.) Th. Fr. = Sarcogyne clavus
clauzadeana Llimona & Vězda = Acarospora clauzadeana
conspersa (Fèe) Vainio = Piccolia conspersa
fossarum (Dufour ex Fr.) Th. Fr. = B. hemisphaerica for North American records
hypophaea (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forss. = Sarcogyne privigna
kulshanensis Herre = a Sarcogyne sp.
microhaema Norman
= Strangospora microhaema
moriformis (Ach.) Th. Fr. = Strangospora moriformis
nannaria (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
(Fink 1935) = Sarcogyne privigna (Knudsen & Lendemer 2005a)
ochrophora (Nyl.) Arnold
= Picolia ochrophora
plicata (H. Magn.) Zahlbr. = Sarcogyne privigna
(Knudsen & Lendemer 2005a)
pruinosa "(Körber) Mudd" = Sarcogyne regularis
+resinae (Fr.) Th. Fr. =
Sarea resinae
simplex (Davies) Branth & Rostrup = Polysporina simplex
terrena Hasse Identity uncertain
testudinea (Ach.) A. Massal. = Sporastatia testudinea
BIATOROPSIS Räsänen
*usnearum Räsänen
BIATORIDIUM J. Lahm
delitescens (Arnold)
Hafellner (Ekman 1996)
BILIMBIA De Not. = MYCOBILIMBIA
caudata (Nyl.) Fink = Ropalospora
lugubris
gyalectiformis Zahlbr. = Ramonia gyalectiformis
pammellii Fink = Bacidia coprodes (Llop & Ekman 2007)
tricholoma (Mont.) Fink = Byssoloma tricholomum
BISPORA Fuckel
*lichenum Diederich (Cole & Hawksworth 2001)
*christiansenii D. Hawksw. (Alstrup & Cole 1998) = Intralichen
christiansenii
BLASTENIA A. Massal. = CALOPLACA
diphasia (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Caloplaca diphasia
novomexicana Fink = a Caloplaca sp.
rubrofusca B. de Lesd. = a Caloplaca
sp.
BOMBYLIOSPORA De Not. ex A.
Massal. = MEGALOSPORA
domingensis (Pers.) Zahlbr. = Letrouitia domingensis
pachycheila (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Megalospora pachycheila
porphyritis (Tuck.) A. Massal. = Megalospora porphyritis
tuberculosa (Fée) De Not. = Megalospora tuberculosa
vulpina (Nyl.) J. M. Burgess = nom. inval. = Letrouitia vulpina
BOTRYDINA Bréb. = LICHENOMPHALIA
botryoides (L.) Redhead & Kuyper = Lichenomphalia umbellifera
luteovitellina (Pilát & Nannf.) Redhead & Kuyper = Lichenomphalia
alpina
velutina (Quélet) Redhead & Kuyper = Lichenomphalia velutina
viridis (Ach.) Redhead & Kuyper = Lichenomphalia hudsoniana
vulgaris Bréb. sens. str. = Lichenomphalia umbellifera
BOTRYOLEPRARIA Canals, Hernández-Mariné, Gómez-Bolea
& Llimona
lesdainii (Hue) Canals, Hernández-Mariné, Gómez-Bolea &
Llimona Syn.: Lepraria lesdainii (Canals et al. 1997)
BOTTARIA A. Massal. = MYCOPORUM Flotow ex Nyl.
cruentata Müll. Arg. = Pyrenula cruentata
BRIGANTIAEA Trevisan
fuscolutea (Dickson) R. Sant. Syn.: Lopadium fuscoluteum
leucoxantha (Sprengel) R. Sant. & Hafellner Syn.: Lopadium
leucoxanthum
praetermissa Hafellner & St. Clair (Hafellner 1997)
purpurata (Zahlbr.) Hafellner & Bellem. (Goward et al. 1996) = B.
praetermissa (Hafellner 1997)
BRODOA Goward
oroarctica (Krog) Goward Syn.: Hypogymnia oroarctica.
atrofusca (Schaerer) Goward Syns.: Hypogymnia atrofusca, Parmelia atrofusca. North
American reports are probably misidentifications of Brodoa oroarctica(Krog)
Goward.
intestiniformis (Vill.) Goward
Syns.: Hypogymnia intestiniformis, H. encausta, Parmelia intestiniformis, P.
encausta. North American reports are misidentifications of Brodoa
oroarctica (Krog) Goward.
BRYOCAULON Kärnefelt
divergens (Ach.) Kärnefelt Syns.: Cornicularia divergens,
Coelocaulon divergens
pseudosatoanum (Asahina) Kärnefelt Syn.: Cornicularia
pseudosatoana
BRYONORA Poelt
castanea (Hepp) Poelt Syn.: Lecanora castanea
curvescens (Mudd) Poelt Syn.: Lecania curvescens
pruinosa (Th. Fr.) Holtan-Hartwig
septentrionalis Holtan-Hartwig
BRYOPHAGUS Nitschke ex Arnold
gloeocapsa Nitschke ex Arnold
(fide J. Hafellner, see Appendix)
BRYOPOGON Link
negativus Gyelnik = Bryoria lanestris
pacificus Gyelnik = Bryoria fuscescens
BRYORIA Brodo & D. Hawksw.
ambigua (Motyka) Bystr.
& Fabiszewski (Bystrek & Fabiszewski 1998)
bicolor (Ehrh.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syn.: Alectoria bicolor
capillaris (Ach.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.: Alectoria
capillaris, A. setacea for North American records
carlottae Brodo & D. Hawksw.
cervinula Motyka ex Brodo
& D. Hawksw. Syn.: Alectoria cervinula
chalybeiformis (L.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syn.: Alectoria
chalybeiformis
fabiszewskiana Bystr. (Bystrek & Fabiszewski 1998)
fremontii (Tuck.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.: Alectoria
fremontii, A. corneliae, A. tenerrima
friabilis Brodo & D. Hawksw. (Holien, 1989, considers this
taxon to be a synonym of and conspecific with B. implexa)
furcellata (Fr.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.: Alectoria
nidulifera, Cornicularia fibrillosa
furcellata subsp. hawksworthiana Bystr. &
Fabiszewski (Bystrek & Fabiszewski 1998)
fuscescens (Gyelnik) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.: Alectoria
fuscescens, A. positiva, Bryopogon pacificus
glabra (Motyka) Brodo &
D. Hawksw. Syn.: Alectoria glabra
implexa (Hoffm.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syn.: Alectoria
implexa (See notes under B. friabilis and B. pseudofuscescens)
lanestris (Ach.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.: Alectoria
lanestris, Bryopogon negativus
nadvornikiana (Gyelnik) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.:
Alectoria nadvornikiana, A. altaica
nitidula (Th. Fr.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.: Alectoria
nitidula, A. irvingii, A. lanea auct.
pikei Brodo & D. Hawksw.
pseudocapillaris Brodo & D. Hawksw.
pseudofuscescens (Gyelnik) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.:
Alectoria achariana, A. norstictica nom. nudum, A. subtilis nom.nudum (Holien,
1989, considers this taxon to be a synonym and conspecific with B. implexa)
salazinica Brodo & D. Hawksw.
simplicior (Vainio) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.: Alectoria
simplicior, A. nana nom. nudum
spiralifera Brodo & D. Hawksw.
subcana (Nyl. ex Stizenb.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syn.: Alectoria subcana
tenuis (E. Dahl) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syn.: Alectoria tenuis
tortuosa (G. Merr.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.: Alectoria
tortuosa, A. virens for North American records
trichodes (Michaux) Brodo & D. Hawksw. subsp. trichodes
Syns.: Alectoria canadensis, A. delicata nom. nudum
trichodes subsp. americana (Motyka) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.: Alectoria ambigua,
A. americana
trichodes subsp. brodoana Bystr. &
Fabiszewski (Bystrek & Fabiszewski 1998)
trichodes subsp. canadensis (Motyka) Bystr. & Fabiszewski (Bystrek &
Fabiszewski 1998)
abbreviata (Müll. Arg.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. = Nodobryoria abbreviata
oregana (Tuck. ex Willey) Brodo & D. Hawksw. = Nodobryoria oregana
setacea (Ach.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Not in North America.
subdivergens (E. Dahl) Brodo & D. Hawksw. = Nodobryoria subdivergens
vrangiana (Gyelnik) Brodo & D. Hawksw. sens. str. is known only from Europe and is considered a synonym of B. implexa (Hoffm.)
Brodo & D. Hawksw. by Holien (1989).
BRYOSCYPHUS Spooner
*lichenicola Alstrup & M. Cole (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
BUELLIA De Not.
aethalea (Ach.) Th. Fr.
arborea Coppins & Tønsberg (Tønsberg & McCune 2001)
arnoldii Servít & Nádv.
#badia (Fr.) A. Massal. Syn.: Amandinea turgescens
bolacina Tuck.
calcariaecola B. de Lesd.
capitis-regum W. A. Weber
cedricola Werner (Nordin 1999)
chloroleuca Körber (Bungartz et al. 2007)
christophii Bungartz (Bungartz et al. 2004a)
concinna Th. Fr. (Bungartz et al. 2004b)
conspirans (Nyl.) Vainio (Bungartz 2004)
crystallifera (Vainio) Hav. (Goward et al. 1996)
dispersa A. Massal.
eganii Bungartz
(Bungartz & Nash. 2004a)
elegans Poelt
epigaea (Pers.) Tuck.
erubescens Arnold
georgei Trinkaus, H. Mayrhofer & Elix (Bungartz et al. 2007)
griseovirens (Turner & Borrer ex Sm.) Almb.
halonia (Ach.) Tuck.
immersa Lynge
*imshaugii Hafellner
insignis (Naeg. ex Hepp) Th. Fr.
japonica (Tuck.) Tuck. (Sheard et al. 2008)
jugorum (Arnold)
Arnold
lacteoidea B. de Lesd.
langloisii Imshaug ex Marbach (Marbach 2000)
lepidastra (Tuck.) Tuck.
lepidastroidea Imshaug ex Bungartz (Bungartz 2004)
leptocline (Flotow) A. Massal.
maculata Bungartz (Bungartz 2004a)
mamillana (Tuck.) W. A. Weber Syn.: Rinodina mamillana
maritima (A. Massal.) Bagl. (Bungartz et al. 2007)
mexicana J. Steiner (Nordin 2000)
microbola (Tuck. ex Fink) Sheard Syn.: Rinodina microbola
#miriquidica Scheid. (Fryday 2006)
muriformis A. Nordin & Tønsberg (Nordin 1999)
nantiana B. de Lesd.
nashii Bungartz (Bungartz 2004)
navajoensis Bungartz (Bungartz 2004)
nigra (Fink) Sheard Syn.: Rinodina nigra
notabilis Lynge
occidentalis Lynge (Lepage 1972)
ocellata (Flotow) Körber
oidalea (Nyl.) Tuck. Syn.: Rhizocarpon oidaleum
papillata (Sommerf.) Tuck. Syn.: Buelliopsis papillata
prospersa (Nyl.) Riddle (Bungartz et al. 2004b)
pullata Tuck. (Bungartz et al. 2004b)
ryanii Bungartz (Bungartz et al. 2004b)
schaereri De Not.
sequax (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Bungartz et al. 2004b)
silicicola B. de Lesd.
smaragdula B. de Lesd.
spuria (Schaerer) Anzi
stellulata (Taylor)
Mudd
stigmatea Körber
stillingiana J. Steiner
subaethalea B. de Lesd. (Bungartz & Nash 2004a)
subalbula (Nyl.) Müll Arg. (Bungartz & Nash 2004b)
subdispersa Mig. (Nordin 1999)
terricola A. Nordin (Nordin 1999)
tesserata Körber (Rico et al. 2003)
triphragmioides
Anzi
triseptata A. Nordin (Nordin 1999)
tyrolensis Körber (Bungartz 2004)
uberior Anzi
vilis Th. Fr.
*adjuncta Th. Fr. (Esslinger & Egan 1995) =
Amandinea adjuncta
aethaleoides (Nyl.) H. Olivier = B. aethalea
alboatra (Hoffm.) Th. Fr. = Diplotomma alboatrum
ambigua (Ach.) Malme = Diplotomma ambiguum
amphidexia Imshaug ex R. C. Harris = Endohyalina circumpallida
atrata (Sm.) Anzi = Orphniospora moriopsis
badioatra (Flörke ex Sprengel) Körber = Rhizocarpon badioatrum
bahiana Malme = Hafellia bahiana
blasteniospora Zahlbr. = Hafellia parastata
blumeri Zahlbr. = B. dispersa
callispora (C. Knight) J. Steiner = Hafellia callispora
caloosensis Tuck. = Gassicurtia
catasema
canescens (Dickson) De Not. = Diploicia canescens
catasema (Tuck.) Tuck. = Gassicurtia catasema
chlorophaea (Hepp ex Leighton) Lettau = Diplotomma chlorophaeum
coccinea
(Fée) Aptroot = Gassicurtia coccinea
colludens (Nyl.) Arnold
= Rhizocarpon hochstetteri
coniops (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr. = Amandinea coniops
contermina Arnold
= B. uberior
coracina (Nyl.) Körber = Orphniospora moriopsis
curatellae Malme = Hafellia curatellae
curtisii (Tuck.) Imshaug = Baculifera curtisii
dialyta (Nyl.) Tuck. = Chrismofulvea dialyta
disciformis (Fr.) Mudd = Hafellia disciformis
elizae (Tuck.) Tuck. = Gassicurtia elizae
epipolia (Ach.) Mong. = Diplotomma epipolium
fimbriata (Tuck.) Imshaug = B. tesserata
geophila (Flörke ex
Sommerf.) Lynge = Tetramelas geophila
glaucomarioidea Willey ex Tuck. = Dactylospora glaucomarioides
glaziouana (Kremp.) Müll. Arg.
= B. mamillana
hassei Imshaug = B. griseovirens
imshaugiana R. C. Harris = Baculifera imshaugiana
*inquilina Tuck. = Dactylospora inquilina
isidians (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = excluded as doubtful
lauricassiae (Fée) Müll. Arg. = Cratiria
lauricassiae
lecanoroides H. Magn. =
Diplotomma venusta (Bungartz et al. 2007)
leucomela Imshaug = Amandinea leucomela
malmei Lynge = B. aethalea
maritima (A. Massal.) Bagl. = B. subalbula
melanochlora (Kremp.) Müll. Arg. = Cratiria
melanochlora
modesta (Kremp.) Müll. Arg.= Cratiria americana
moriopsis (A. Massal.) Th. Fr. = Orphniospora moriopsis
myriocarpa (DC.) De Not. = Amandinea
punctata
nivalis (Bagl. & Car.) Hertel ex Hafellner = Diplotomma nivalis
novomexicana
B. de Lesd. = B. tyrolensis
pachnidisca R. C. Harris = Gassicurtia subpulcella
parasema (Ach.) De Not. = Hafellia disciformis
penichra (Tuck.) Hasse = Diplotomma penichrum
pertusariicola Willey ex Tuck. = Dactylospora pertusariicola
pinastri Erichsen (Erichsen 1940) = Chrismofulvea pinastri
placodiomorpha Vainio = Amandinea placodiomorpha
polyspora
(Willey) Vainio = Amandinea polyspora
pruinella Imshaug = B. fimbriata
pueblae B. de Lesd. = B. retrovertens
pulchella (Schrader) Tuck. = Catolechia wahlenbergii
pullata Tuck. = Amandinea punctata
pulverulenta
(Anzi) Jatta = Diplotomma pulverulentum
punctata (Hoffm.) A. Massal. = Amandinea punctata
punctata var. polyspora (Willey) Fink = Amandinea polyspora
radiata Tuck. = Dimelaena radiata
rappii Imshaug ex R.C. Harris = Endohyalina rappii
retrovertens Tuck. = B. dispersa (Bungartz et al. 2002)
rinodinoides Anzi = misidentifications for North America
rinodinospora Riddle = Hafellia parastata
rubifaciens R.C. Harris = Chrismofulvea rubifaciens
saurina W.
A. Weber = Rhizocarpon saurinum
saxicola B.
de Lesd. = B. sequax
scabrosa (Ach.) A. Massal. = Epilichen scabrosus
semitensis
Tuck. = B. concinna
stigmaea
Tuck. = B. maculata
subpulcella Vainio = Gassicurtia subpulcella
tergestina J. Steiner & Zahlbr. = B. dispersa
thomae (Tuck.) Imshaug = B. mamillana
tolucae B. de Lesd. (Nordin 1999) =
B. mexicana (Bungartz et al. 2007)
tucsonensis Zahlbr. = B. dispersa (Bungartz et al. 2007)
turgescens Tuck. = B. badia (Bungartz & Nash 2004c)
turgescentoides Fink = B. badia (Bungartz & Nash 2004c)
venusta (Körber) Lettau = Diplotomma ventusum
vernicoma (Tuck.) Tuck. = Gassicurtia vernicoma
verruculosa (Sm.) Mudd = B. aethalea
verruculosa auct. = B. ocellata
wahlenbergii (Ach.) Sheard = Catolechia wahlenbergii
wheeleri R. C. Harris = Ciposia wheeleri
zahlbruckneri J. Steiner = B. erubescens
BUELLIELLA Fink
*inops (Triebel & Rambold)
Hafellner Syn.: Karschia inops (Hafellner 2004a)
*minimula (Tuck.) Fink
*physciicola Poelt & Hafellner (Esslinger & Egan 1995)
*trypethelii (Tuck.) Fink
*inquilina (Tuck.) Fink = Dactylospora inquilina
*nuttallii (Calk. & Nyl.) Fink = Dactylospora lobariella
*parmeliarum (Sommerf.) Fink = Abrothallus parmeliarum
*saxatilis (Schaerer) Fink = Dactylospora saxatilis var. saxatilis
*usneae (Rabenh.) Fink = misidentification for North
America
BUELLIOPSIS A. Schneider = BUELLIA
papillata (Sommerf.) Fink = Buellia
papillata
vernicoma (Tuck.) A. Schneider = Buellia vernicoma
BULBOTHRIX Hale
confoederata (Culb.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia confoederata
coronata (Fée) Hale Syn.: Parmelia coronata
goebelii (Zenker) Hale Syn.: Parmelia goebelii, P. scortella,
P. njalensis
isidiza (Nyl.) Hale
laevigatula (Nyl.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia laevigatula
BULLATINA Vězda & Poelt
aspidota (Vainio) Vězda
& Poelt = Calenia aspidotum
BUNODOPHORON A. Massal.
melanocarpum (Sw.) Wedin Syn.: Sphaerophorus melanocarpus
BYSSOLOMA Trevisan
leucoblepharum (Nyl.) Vainio
marginatum (Arnold) Sérus.
meadii (Tuck. ex Willey) S. Ekman Syn.: Bacidia meadii,
Biatora meadii
subdiscordans (Nyl.) P. James
tricholomum (Mont.) Zahlbr. Syn.: Bilimbia tricholoma
pubescens Vězda ex R.C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
= B. meadii (Brodo et al. 2001)
rotuliforme (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. = B. subdiscordans
Return To Introduction
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Z References Cited
CALENIA
Müll. Arg.
aspidotum (Vainio) Vězda
Syn.: Bullatina aspidota (Lücking et al. 2007)
CALICIELLA Vainio = non-lichenized fungi
CALICIUM Pers.
abietinum Pers.
adaequatum Nyl.
adspersum Pers.
chlorosporum F. Wilson
corynellum (Ach.) Ach.
glaucellum Ach.
hyperelloides Nyl.
lenticulare Ach.
leucochlorum Tuck.
montanum Tibell (Kolb & Spribille 2001)
parvum Tibell
quercinum Pers.
salicinum Pers.
sequoiae C. Williams
& Tibell (Williams & Tibell 2008)
trabinellum (Ach.) Ach
viride Pers.
albonigrum Nyl. = Mycocalicium albonigrum
#asikkalense Vainio = Chaenothecopsis pusilla
curtisii Tuck. = Phaeocalicium curtisii
*disseminatum Ach. = Microcalicium disseminatum
#floerkei Zahlbr. = Chaenothecopsis pusilla
fuscipes Tuck. = Mycocalicium fuscipes
hemisphaericum Howard = C. adaequatum
hyperellum (Ach.) Ach. = C. viride
lentigerellum Tuck. = C. lenticulare
lichenoides (L.) Schumacher = C. salicinum
microcephalum (Sm.) Ach. = Sphinctrina anglica
minutissimum G. Merr. = Phaeocalicium minutissimum
+populneum Brond. ex Duby = Phaeocalicium populneum
#pusillum auct. = Chaenothecopsis pusilla
pusiolum Ach. = Chaenothecopsis pusiola
queenslandiae (F. Wilson) Tibell = C. chlorosporum
ravenelii Tuck. = Mycocalicium ravenelii
roscidum (Ach.) Ach. nom. superfl. = C. adspersum
roscidum var. trabinellum (Ach.) Schaerer = C. trabinellum for North American
records
sphaerocephalum (L.) Ach. = (?) C. lichenoides
#subpusillum Vainio = Chaenothecopsis pusilla
subquercinum Asahina = C. lenticulare
+subtile Pers. = Mycocalicium subtile
trachelinum Ach. = C. salicinum
CALOPADIA Vězda
fusca (Müll Arg.)
Vězda Syn.: Lopadium fuscum
puiggarii (Müll. Arg.) Vězda Syn.: Lopadium
puiggarii
CALOPLACA Th. Fr.
adnexa Vězda
ahtii Søchting
alaskensis Wetm. (Wetmore 2004b)
albovariegata (B. de Lesd.) Wetmore Syn.: Pyrenodesmia albovariegata
alcarum Poelt
ammiospila (Wahlenb.) H. Olivier
approximata (Lynge) H. Magn.
arenaria (Pers.) Müll. Arg.
arizonica H. Magn.
atroalba (Tuck.) Zahlbr. Syn.:
Lecania perproxima (van den Boom & Ryan 2004b)
atroflava (Turner) Mong.
atrosanguinea (G. Merr.) I. M. Lamb
aurantia (Pers.) Hellbom
bolacina (Tuck.) Herre
borealis (Vainio) Poelt
brattiae W. A. Weber
brouardii (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr. (Nash et al. 1998)
brunneola Wetmore
californica Zahlbr.
camptidia (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
carolinae H. Magn.
cascadensis H. Magn.
catalinae H. Magn.
celata Th. Fr.
cerina (Ehrh. ex Hedwig)
Th. Fr. (Laundon 2005)
chlorina (Flotow) H. Olivier
chrysodeta (Vainio ex Räsänen) Dombr. Syn.: Leproplaca
chrysodeta
chrysophthalma Degel.
cinnabarina (Ach.) Zahlbr.
cirrochroa (Ach.) Th. Fr.
citrina (Hoffm.) Th. Fr.
cladodes (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
conversa (Kremp.) Jatta
coralloides (Tuck.) Hulting Syn.: Polycauliona coralloides
crenulatella (Nyl.) H. Olivier (Knudsen & La Doux 2005)
dakotensis Wetmore
decipiens (Arnold)
Blomb. & Forss.
demissa (Körber) Arup & Grube Syns.: Lecanora demissa, L.
subolivascens (Arup & Grube 1999)
diphasia (Tuck.) Wetmore Syns.: Lecanora diphasia, Blastenia
diphasia
diphyodes (Nyl.) Jatta Syn.: Lecania arctica
dispersa B. de Lesd.
durietzii H. Magn
epiphora (Taylor)
Dodge (Wetmore 2004a)
*epithallina Lynge
[Candelariella epixantha (Ach.)
Sandst.]
erythrantha (Tuck.)
Zahlbr. (Wetmore 2007b)
eugyra (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
exsecuta (Nyl.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth.
feracissima H. Magn.
ferruginea (Hudson)
Th. Fr.
ferrugineofusca (Vainio) H. Magn.
flavogranulosa Arup
flavorubescens (Hudson)
J. R. Laundon
flavovirescens (Wulfen) Dalla Torre & Sarnth.
floridana (Tuck.) S. Tucker Syn.: Lecanora floridana
fraudans (Th. Fr.) H. Olivier
fraxinea I. M. Lamb
fulvolutea (Nyl.) Jatta (Thomson 1997)
furfuracea H. Magn. (Wetmore 2004a)
galactophylla (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
granularis (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. (Wetmore 2004b)
granulosa (Müll. Arg.) Jatta
*grimmiae (Nyl.) H. Olivier
groenlandica Lynge
holocarpa (Hoffm. ex Ach.) A. E. Wade
ignea Arup
impolita Arup
inconspecta Arup
insularis Poelt
invadens Lynge (Thomson 1997)
jungermanniae (Vahl) Th. Fr.
kamczatica
(Savicz) Savicz (Søchting 2004)
lactea (A. Massal.) Zahlbr.
lithophila H. Magn.
litoricola Brodo
livida (Hepp) Jatta
lobulata (Flörke) B. de Lesd.
ludificans Arup
luteoalba (Turner) Th. Fr. Syn.: Candelariella luteoalba
luteominia (Tuck.) Zahlbr. var. luteominia
luteominia var. bolanderi (Tuck.) Arup
marina (Wedd.) Zahlbr. subsp. americana Arup
marmorata (Bagl.) Jatta
(Knudsen & La Doux 2005)
microphyllina (Tuck.) Hasse
microthallina (Wedd.) Zahlbr.
[Pyrenodesmia montana B. de
Lesd.]
nashii Nav.-Ros., Gaya & Hladun (Kudsen & La Doux
2005)
neonii B. de Lesd.
neotropica Wetmore
nivalis (Körber) Th. Fr.
[Blastenia novomexicana Fink]
obesimarginata Søchting
(Søchting 2004)
obliterans (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forss.
oblongula (H. Magn.) Wetmore Syns.: Apatoplaca oblongula,
Lecidea oblongula
obscurella (Körber) Th. Fr.
oleicola (Steiner) v.d. Boom & Breuss (Goward et al. 1996)
oregona H. Magn.
oxfordensis Fink
parvula Wetmore
parviloba Wetmore (Wetmore 2003)
peliophylla (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
pellodella (Nyl.) Hasse Syn.: Pyrenodesmia elaeodes
persimilis Wetm. (Wetmore 2004b)
phaeocarpella (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
phyllidizans Wetmore (Wetmore 2003)
pinicola H. Magn.
pollinii (A. Massal.) Jatta
pygmaea Wetmore (Wetmore 2007a)
quercicola H. Magn.
rosei Hasse
rubelliana (Ach.) Lojka
[Blastenia rubrofusca B. de
Lesd.]
saxicola (Hoffm.) Nordin
saxifragarum Poelt
schaereri (Flörke) Zahlbr.
schoeferi Poelt (Wetmore 2007a)
scopularis (Nyl.) Lettau
sideritis (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
sinapisperma (Lam. & DC.) Maheu & A. Gillet
sipeana H. Magn.
sonorae Wetmore (Wetmore 1996)
sorocarpa (Vainio) Zahlbr.
spaldingii Zahlbr.
spitsbergensis H. Magn.
squamosa (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr.
stanfordensis H. Magn.
stantonii W. A. Weber ex Arup
stellata Wetmore & Kärnefelt (Wetmore & Kärnefelt
1998)
stipitata Wetmore (Wetmore 1999)
subnitida (Malme) Zahlbr.
subpyraceella (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
subsoluta (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Wetmore 2003)
tetraspora (Nyl.) H. Olivier
texana Wetmore & Kärnefelt (Wetmore & Kärnefelt 1998)
tiroliensis Zahlbr.
tominii (Savicz) Ahlner (Wetmore 2001)
tornoënsis H. Magn.
trachyphylla (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
ulcerosa Coppins & James (Wetmore 2004b)
urceolata B. de Lesd.
variabilis (Pers.) Müll. Arg.
velana (A. Massal.) Du Rietz
verrucosa Hasse
verruculifera (Vainio) Zahlbr.
vitellinula (Nyl.) H. Olivier
wetmorei Nimis, Poelt & Tretiach
wrightii (Tuck.) Fink
xanthostigmoidea (Räsänen) Zahlbr.
amabilis Zahlbr. = C. pellodella
arizonica E. Rudolph non H. Magn. = C. pellodella
atrocyanescens (Th. Fr.) H. Olivier = misidentifications for North
America
aurantiaca (Lightf.) Th. Fr. = C. flavorubescens
bolanderi (Tuck.) H. Magn. = C. luteominea var. bolanderi
bracteata (Hoffm.) Jatta = Fulgensia bracteata
bryochrysion Poelt = C. xanthostigmoidea
caesiorufa (Wibel) Flagey = removed as a nomen confusum (Wetmore 1996)
caesiorufella (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = C. phaeocarpella
callopisma (Ach.) Th. Fr. = C. aurantia
castellana (Räsänen) Poelt If treated as
separate from C. invadens as done by e.g. Alstrup (1991), this species has not
yet been reported for North America
cinnamomea (Th. Fr.) H. Olivier = C. ammiospila
constipans (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Edrudia constipans
crenularia (With.) J. R. Laundon = misidentification for North
America (Wetmore 1996)
diplacia (Ach.) Riddle = doesn't occur N of Mexico (Wetmore 1994)
discernenda (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = C. saxicola
discoidalis (Vainio) Lynge = C. ammiospila
discolor (Willey) Fink = C. xanthostigmoidea
(Wetmore 2001)
elegans (Link) Th. Fr. = Xanthoria elegans
epiphyta Lynge = C. xanthostigmoidea (Søchting & Tønsberg 1997)
erythrella (Ach.) Kieffer = C. flavovirescens
festiva (Ach.) Zwackh = C. crenularia, but North American records incorrect
according to Wetmore (1996)
fulgens (Sw.) Körber = Fulgensia fulgens
gilva (Hoffm.) Zahlbr. = C. cerina
gloriae sensu Aptroot (1996) non Werner & Llimona = C. verruculifera (Arup
1997)
herbidella (Hue) H. Magn. = misidentifications for North America (Wetmore 2004a)
herrei Hasse = C. atrosanguinea
intermedia (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr. = C. cinnabarina (Wetmore & Kärnefelt
1999)
irrubescens (Arnold)
Zahlbr. = C. subsoluta
laeta H. Magn. = C. luteominia var. luteominia
lamprocheila (DC.) Flagey = C. arenaria
leucoraea (Ach. ex Flörke) Branth = C. sinapisperma
modesta (Zahlbr.) Fink = C. subsoluta
murorum (Hoffm.) Th. Fr. = C. saxicola
paulsenii (Vainio) Zahlbr. = misidentifications for North
America
pyracea (Ach.) Th. Fr. = C. holocarpa
sarcopisioides (Körber) Zahlbr. = C. obscurella
scotoplaca (Nyl.) H. Magn. = misidentification for North
America (Wetmore 1996)
sorediata (Vainio) Du Rietz = Xanthoria sorediata
splendens (Darb.) Zahlbr. = Xanthoria
elegans var. splendens
stillicidiora (Vahl) Lynge = C. cerina
submexicana (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr. = Candelina submexicana
subnigricans H. Magn. = C. atrosanguinea
subolivacea (Th. Fr.) Lynge = C. tiroliensis
teicholyta (Ach.) J. Steiner = misidentification for North
America (Wetmore 1996)
thallincola (Wedd.) Du Rietz Not in North America
ulmorum (Fink) Fink = C.
cerina (Wetmore 2007b)
vicaria H. Magn. = C. kamczatica
CALOPLACOPSIS (Zahlbr.) B. de
Lesd. = CANDELARIELLA
submexicana (B. de Lesd.) B. de Lesd. = Candelina submexicana
CALVITIMELA Hafellner (Hafellner & Türk 2001)
aglaea (Sommerf.) Hafellner Syn.: Lecidea aglaea,
Tephromela aglaea
armeniaca (DC.) Hafellner Syn.: Lecidea armeniaca,
Tephromela armeniaca
testaceoatra (Vainio) Hafellner Syn.: Lecidea
testaceoatra, L. arctogena, Tephromela testaceoatra
CAMPYLOTHELIUM Müll. Arg.
amylosporum (Vainio) R. C. Harris = Polymeridium proponens
nitidum Zahlbr. = Laurera megasperma
CANDELARIA A. Massal.
concolor (Dickson) Stein
concolor var. effusa (Tuck.) G. Merr. &
Burnham
fibrosa (Fr.) Müll. Arg.
CANDELARIELLA Müll. Arg.
aggregata M. Westb. (Westberg
2007a)
antennaria Räsänen
arctica (Körber) R. Sant.
athallina (Wedd.) Du
Rietz
aurella (Hoffm.) Zahlbr.
biatorina M. Westb. (Westberg 2007c)
borealis M. Westb. (Westberg 2007b)
californica M. Westb. (Westberg
2007a)
canadensis H. Magn.
citrina B. de Lesd.
complanata M. Westb. (Westberg
2007a)
coralliza (Nyl.) H. Magn.
corallizoides M. Westb. (Westberg
2007a)
deppeanae M. Westb. (Westberg 2007a)
dispersa (Räsänen) Hakul.
efflorescens R. C. Harris & W. R. Buck
immarginata M. Westb. (Westberg
2007a)
kansuensis H. Magn. (Westberg 2007a)
kuusamoensis Räsänen var. areolata Hakul.
lutella (Vainio) Räsänen
placodizans (Nyl.) H. Magn.
plumbea Poelt & Vězda
reflexa (Nyl.) Lettau
rosulans (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr.
spraguei (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
stenospora B. de Lesd.
subdeflexa (Nyl.) Lettau
vitellina (Hoffm.) Müll. Arg.
xanthostigma (Ach.) Lettau
cerinella (Flörke) Zahlbr. = C. aurella
crenulata (Wahlenb.) Zahlbr. = C. arctica
deflexa
(Nyl.) Zahlbr. = C. aurella, but N. American reports are mostly C. antennaria
(Westberg 2007a)
epixantha auct. = C. aurella
epixantha (Ach.) Sandst. = a Caloplaca sp.
holophaea (Mont.) Zahlbr. = Solenopsora holophaea
hudsonica Hakul. = C. canadensis
luteoalba (Turner) Lettau = Caloplaca luteoalba
medians (Nyl.) Sm. North American reports probably refer to Candelina
submexicana
submexicana B. de Lesd. = Candelina submexicana
terrigena Räsänen = C.
citrina (Westberg 2007a)
CANDELINA Poelt
mexicana (B. de Lesd.) Poelt
submexicana (B. de Lesd.) Poelt Syns.: Caloplacopsis
submexicana, Candelariella submexicana, Caloplaca submexicana. North American
reports of Candelariella medians (Nyl.) Sm. probably belong here.
CANOMACULINA Elix & Hale = PARMOTREMA (Blanco et al. 2005)
conferenda (Hale) Elix = Parmotrema conferendum
haitiensis (Hale) Elix = Parmotrema haitiensis
neotropica (Kurok.) Elix = Parmotrema neotropicum
subsumpta (Nyl.) Elix = Parmotrema subsumptum
subtinctoria (Zahlbr.) Elix = Parmotrema subtinctorium
CANOPARMELIA Elix & Hale
alabamensis (Hale & McCull.) Elix (Elix 2001) Syns:
Paraparmelia alabamensis, Parmelia alabamensis
amabilis Heiman & Elix (Heiman & Elix 1999)
amazonica (Nyl.) Elix & Hale Syns.: Parmelia amazonica,
Pseudoparmelia amazonica
caroliniana (Nyl.) Elix & Hale Syns.: Parmelia caroliniana,
Pseudoparmelia caroliniana
crozalsiana (B. de Lesd. ex Harm.) Elix & Hale Syns.:
Parmelia crozalsiana, Pseudoparmelia crozalsiana
cryptochlorophaea (Hale) Elix & Hale Syns.: Parmelia
cryptochlorophaea, Pseudoparmelia cryptochlorophaea
martinicana (Nyl.) Elix & Hale Syns.: Parmelia
martinicana, Pseudoparmelia martinicana
salacinifera (Hale) Elix & Hale Syns.: Parmelia
salacinifera, Pseudoparmelia salacinifera
texana (Tuck.) Elix & Hale Syns.: Parmelia texana,
Pseudoparmelia texana
CAPRONIA Sacc.
*peltigerae (Fuckel) D. Hawksw. (Zhurbenko & Laursen 2003)
CARBACANTHOGRAPHIS Staiger & Kalb (Staiger 2002)
marcescens (Fée) Staiger & Kalb Syn.: Graphina marcescens,
Graphis marcescens (Staiger 2002)
candidata (Nyl.) Staiger & Kalb Syn.: Graphis candidata
(Staiger 2002)
CARBONEA (Hertel) Hertel
*aggregantula (Müll. Arg.) Diederich & Triebel (Goward et
al. 1996)
assimilis (Körber) Hafellner & Hertel Syn.: Lecidea
assimilis
atronivea (Arnold) Hertel Syn.: Lecidea atronivea
latypizodes (Nyl.) Knoph & Rambold
(Knoph et al. 2004) Syns.: Lecidea austrocalifornica,
L. subplebeia (Knudsen et al. 2008b), L.
subcontinuior, L. amabilis, Mycobilimbia austrocalifornica
*supersparsa (Nyl.) Hertel (Diederich 2003)
*vitellinaria (Nyl.) Hertel Syn.: Lecidea vitellinaria
vorticosa (Flörke) Hertel Syn.: Lecidea vorticosa
intrusa (Th. Fr.) Rambold & Triebel (Hinds
et al. 2002) = Scoliciosporum intrusum
CATAPYRENIUM Flotow (Breuss 1996)
cinereum (Pers.) Körber Syn.: Dermatocarpon cinereum, D.
hepaticum
daedaleum (Kremp.) Stein
globosum J. W. Thomson
granulosum (B. de Lesd.) J. W. Thomson Syns.: Endopyrenium
crustaceum, E. granulosum, Dermatocarpon granulosum
psoromoides (Borrer) R. Sant.
schaereri (Fr.) R. Sant.
squamellum (Nyl. ex Hasse) J. W. Thomson Syn.: Dermatocarpon squamellum
acarosporoides (Zahlbr.) J. W. Thomson = Placidium acarosporoides
andicolum Breuss = Placidium andicola
caeruleopulvinum J. W. Thomson = Placopyrenium caeruleopulvinum
chilense (Räsänen) Breuss = Placidium chilense
compactum (A. Massal.) R.
Sant. = Verrucaria compacta (Breuss 2007b)
congestum Breuss & McCune = Heteroplacidium congestum
heppioides (Zahlbr.) J. W. Thomson = Placopyrenium heppioides
lachneum (Ach.) R. Sant. = Placidium lachneum
lacinulatum (Ach.) Breuss = Placidium lacinulatum
michelii (A. Massal.) R. Sant. = Placidium michelii
norvegicum Breuss = Placidium norvegicum
plumbeum (B. de Lesd.) J. W. Thomson (p.p.) = Verrucaria inficiens Breuss (Breuss 1998)
podolepis Breuss = Heteroplacidium podolepis
rufescens (Ach.) Breuss = Placidium rufescens
squamulosum (Ach.) Breuss = Placidium squamulosum
tuckermanii (Rav. ex Mont.) J. W. Thomson = Placidium arboreum
umbrinum Breuss = Clavascidium umbrinum
waltheri (Kremp.) Körber = Involucropyrenium waltheri
zahlbruckneri (Hasse) J. W. Thomson = Placopyrenium stanfordii
CATILLARIA A. Massal.
chalybeia (Borrer) A. Massal.
contristans (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Miller et al. 2005)
cupressi Zahlbr.
endochroma (Fée) Zahlbr.
erysiboides (Nyl.) Th. Fr. Syn.: Arthonia carneorufa (Printzen
& Tønsberg 1999)
flavens (Willey) Fink
glauconigrans (Tuck.) Hasse
lenticularis (Ach.) Th. Fr.
muscicola Lynge
nigroclavata (Nyl.) Schuler Syn.: Bacidia declinis
subnegans (Nyl.) Boistel
subviridis (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
terrena (Willey) Zahlbr.
tristis (Müll. Arg.) Arnold
arctica Lynge = Toninia philippea
athallina (Hepp) Hellbom = Toninia athallina
atropurpurea (Schaerer) Th. Fr. = Catinaria atropurpurea
bahusiensis (Blomb.) Th. Fr. = Tylothallia biformigera
biformigera (Leighton) H. Magn. = Tylothallia biformigera
bouteillei (Desmaz.) Zahlbr. = Fellhanera bouteillei
columbiana (G. Merr.) W. Noble = Megalaria columbiana
crystallifera R. Kilias = Toninia lutosa
franciscana (Tuck.) Herre =
Lecania franciscana
globulosa (Flörke) Th. Fr.
= Biatora globulosa
graniformis (K. G. Hagen) Vainio = Cliostomum corrugatum
griffithii (Sm.) Malme = Cliostomum
griffithii
groenlandica Lynge = a Lecania sp.
grossa (Pers. ex Nyl.) Körber = Megalaria grossa
heeri (Hepp) H. Olivier =
Scutula heeri (Hepp) Trevisan, but not in North America (Triebel et al. 1997)
jemtlandica Th. Fr. &
Almq. = Megalaria jemtlandica
kansuensis H. Magn. = Toninia philippea
laureri Hepp ex Th. Fr. = Megalaria laureri
leptocheila (Tuck.) Riddle =
Catillochroma leptocheila
micrococca (Körber) Th. Fr. = Micarea micrococca
(Fryday & Coppins 2007)
philippea (Mont.) A. Massal. = Toninia philippea (Thomson 1997)
prasina (Fr.) Th. Fr. = Micarea prasina
pulverea (Borrer) Lettau = Megalaria pulverea
sculpturata H. Magn. = Toninia sculpturata
sphaeroides (A. Massal.) Schuler = Mycobilimbia pilularis
subnitida Hellbom = Toninia subnitida
subnigrata (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forssell = a European species
superflua (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. = ?Megalaria grossa (Printzen 1995)
tricolor auct. = Cliostomum griffithii
tristis (Müll. Arg.) Arnold = Toninia subnitida
CATILLOCHROMA Kalb (Kalb 2007)
albocincta (Degel.) Kalb
Syn.: Catinaria albocincta (Kalb 2007)
leptocheila (Tuck.) Kalb Syn.: Catillaria leptocheila (Kalb 2007)
CATINARIA Vainio
atropurpurea (Schaerer) Vězda & Poelt Syn.:
Catillaria atropurpurea
subcorallina (Zahlbr.) Brako Syn.: Phyllopsora subcorallina
albocincta Degel. = Catillochroma albocincta
grossa (Pers. ex Nyl.) Vainio = Megalaria grossa
laureri (Hepp ex Th. Fr.) Degel. = Megalaria laureri
leucoplaca auct. = Megalaria grossa
versicolor (Fée) Sipman = Lopezaria versicolor
CATOLECHIA Flotow
wahlenbergii (Ach.) Körber Syns.: Buellia wahlenbergii, B. pulchella
CAVERNULARIA Degel.
hultenii Degel.
lophyrea (Ach.) Degel.
CECIDONIA Triebel & Rambold
*umbonella (Nyl.) Triebel & Rambold Syn.: Lecidea
umbonella
*xenophana (Körber) Triebel & Rambold (Hinds et al.
2002) Syn.:
Lecidea columnata (Coppins & Fryday 2006b)
CELIDIUM Tul. = ARTHONIA
*varians Arnold
= Arthonia varians (Hawksworth 2003)
CELOTHELIUM A. Massal. (Harris 1995a)
aciculiferum (Nyl.) Vainio (Harris 1995a)
CEPHALOPHYSIS (Hertel) H. Kilias
leucospila (Anzi) H. Kilias & Scheid. Syn.: Lecidea ultima
CERCIDOSPORA Körber
*caudata Kernst. (Navarro-Rosinés et al. 2004)
*cecidiiformans Grube & Hafellner (Hafellner et al. 2002)
#decolorella (Nyl.) O. E. Erikss. & J. Z. Yue
*epicarphinea (Nyl.) Grube & Hafellner
*epipolytropa (Mudd) Arnold
*lobothalliae Nav.-Ros. & Calat. (Navarro-Rosinés et al. 2004)
*macrospora (Uloth) Hafellner
& Nav.-Ros. (Navarro-Rosinés et al.
2004)
*soror Obermayer & Triebel (McCune & Ponzetti 2005)
*stereocaulorum (Arnold) Hafellner (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
*ulothii Körber
*verrucosaria (Lindsay) Arnold (Navarro-Rosinés et al. 2004)
*xanthoriae (Wedd.) R. Sant.
(Knudsen & Lendemer 2006)
CETRADONIA J.-C. Wei & Ahti (Wei & Ahti 2002)
linearis (Evans) J.-C. Wei & Ahti Syn.: Gymnoderma
linearis, Cladonia linearis
CETRARIA Ach.
aculeata (Schreber) Fr. Syn.: Coelocaulon aculeatum
arenaria Kärnefelt
ericetorum Opiz subsp. ericetorum
ericetorum subsp. reticulata (Räsänen)
Kärnefelt
islandica (L.) Ach. subsp. islandica
islandica subsp. crispiformis (Räsänen)
Kärnefelt
islandica subsp. orientalis (Asahina)
Kärnefelt
kamczatica Savicz
laevigata Rass.
muricata (Ach.) Eckfeldt Syn.: Coelocaulon muricatum
nigricans Nyl.
odontella (Ach.) Ach. Syns.: Cornicularia odontella,
Coelocaulon odontellum
aculeata (Schreber) Fr. = Coelocaulon aculeatum
agnata (Nyl.) Kristinsson = Melanelia agnata
alaskana C. Culb. & Culb. = Cetrelia alaskana
andrejevii Oksner = Arctocetraria andrejevii
arborialis (Zahlbr. ) Howard = Tuckermannopsis subalpina
atlantica (Tuck.) Du Rietz =
Platismatia tuckermanii
aurescens Tuck. = Ahtiana aurescens
californica Tuck. = Kaernefeltia californica
canadensis (Räsänen) Räsänen = Vulpicida canadensis
chicitae Culb. = Cetrelia chicitae
chlorophylla (Willd.) Vainio = Tuckermannopsis chlorophylla
chrysantha Tuck. = Asahinea chrysantha
ciliaris Ach. = Tuckermannopsis ciliaris
ciliaris Ach. var. halei (Culb. & C. Culb.) Ahti = Tuckermannopsis
americana
commixta (Nyl.) Th. Fr. = Melanelia commixta
coralligera (W. A. Weber) Hale = Tuckermanella coralligera
crispa (Ach.) Nyl. = C. ericetorum subsp. ericetorum
cucullata (Bellardi) Ach. = Flavocetraria cucullata
culbersonii Hale = Melanelia culbersonii
delisei (Bory ex Schaerer) Nyl. = Cetrariella delisei
elenkinii Krog = Arctocetraria nigricascens
fahlunensis (L.) Schreber = Melanelia commixta
fastigiata (Delise ex Nyl.) Kärnefelt = Cetrariella fastigiata
fendleri (Nyl.) Tuck. = Tuckermanella fendleri
glauca (L.) Ach. = Platismatia glauca
halei Culb. & C. Culb. = Tuckermannopsis americana
hepatizon (Ach.) Vainio = Melanelia hepatizon
herrei Imshaug = Platismatia herrei
hiascens (Fr.) Th. Fr. = Cetrariella delisei
idahoensis Essl. = Esslingeriana idahoensis
inermis (Nyl.) Krog = Tuckermannopsis inermis
juniperina (L.) Ach. = North American records are Vulpicida canadensis
or V. viridis
lacunosa Ach. = Platismatia lacunosa
lacunosa Ach. var. atlantica Tuck. = Platismatia tuckermanii
merrillii Du Rietz = Kaernefeltia merrillii
nigricascens (Nyl.) Elenkin = Arctocetraria nigricascens
nivalis (L.) Ach. = Flavocetraria nivalis
norvegica (Lynge) Du Rietz = Platismatia norvegica
oakesiana Tuck. = Allocetraria oakesiana
orbata (Nyl.) Fink = Tuckermannopsis orbata
pallidula Tuck. ex Riddle = Ahtiana pallidula
pinastri (Scop.) Gray = Vulpicida pinastri
platyphylla Tuck. = Tuckermannopsis platyphylla
polyschiza (Nyl.) Jatta = Melanelia hepatizon
richardsonii Hooker = Masonhalea richardsonii
scholanderi Llano = Asahinea scholanderi
scutata (Wulfen) Poetsch = Tuckermannopsis sepincola
scutata auct. = Tuckermannopsis chlorophylla
sepincola (Ehrh.) Ach. = Tuckermannopsis sepincola
sibirica H. Magn. = Arctocetraria nigricascens
simmonsii Krog = Arctocetraria andrejevii
stenophylla (Tuck.) G. Merr. = Platismatia stenophylla
subalpina Imshaug = Tuckermannopsis subalpina
tilesii Ach. = Vulpicida tilesii
tuckermanii Oakes non Herre = Platismatia tuckermanii
tuckermanii Herre non Oakes = Platismatia herrei
viridis Schwein. = Vulpicida viridis
weberi Essl. = Tuckermanella weberi
CETRARIASTRUM Sipman
catawbiense (Degel.) Culb. & C. Culb. = Everniastrum catawbiense
CETRARIELLA Kärnefelt & Thell
delisei (Bory ex Schaerer) Kärnefelt & Thell Syn.:
Cetraria delisei, C. hiascens
fastigiata (Delise ex Nyl.) Kärnefelt & Thell Syn.:
Cetraria fastigiata
CETRELIA Culb. & C. Culb.
alaskana (C. Culb. & Culb.) Culb. & C. Culb. Syn.:
Cetraria alaskana
cetrarioides (Duby) Culb. & C. Culb.
chicitae (Culb.) Culb. & C. Culb. Syn.: Cetraria chicitae
monachorum (Zahlbr.) Culb. & C. Culb.
olivetorum (Nyl.) Culb. & C. Culb. Syns.: Parmelia
olivetorum, P. olivaria
CHAENOTHECA Th. Fr.
brachypoda (Ach.) Tibell Syn.: Coniocybe sulphurea
brunneola (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
chlorella (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
chrysocephala (Ach.) Th. Fr. Syn.: Coniocybe gracilescens
cinerea (Pers.) Tibell
ferruginea (Turner ex Sm.) Mig.
floridana R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
furfuracea (L.) Tibell Syn.: Coniocybe furfuracea
gracilenta (Ach.) J.-E. Mattsson & Middelborg Syn.:
Cybebe gracilenta (Tibell 2001)
gracillima (Vainio) Tibell Syn.: Coniocybe gracillima
hispidula (Ach.) Zahlbr.
hygrophila Tibell (Selva & Tibell 1999)
laevigata Nádv.
nitidula Tibell (Tibell & Koffman 2002)
olivaceorufa Vainio (Rikkinen 1998)
phaeocephala (Turner) Th. Fr.
servitii Nádv. (Selva & Tibell 1999)
sphaerocephala Nádv. (Selva & Tibell 1999)
stemonea (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
subroscida (Eitner) Zahlbr.
trichialis (Ach.) Th. Fr.
xyloxena Nádv.
carthusiae (Harm.) Lettau = C. chlorella
melanophaea (Ach.) Zwackh = C. ferruginea
savonica (Räsänen) Tibell = Chaenothecopsis savonica
schaereri (De Not.) Zahlbr. = C. cinerea
sulphurea (Retz.) Middleborg & J.-E. Mattsson = C. brachypoda
trichialis var. cinerea (Pers.) Blomb. & Forss. = C. cinerea
CHAENOTHECOPSIS Vainio
+asperopoda Titov (Selva & Tibell 1999)
*brevipes Tibell
*consociata (Nádv.) A. F. W. Schmidt
+debilis (Turner & Borrer ex Sm.) Tibell
+edbergii Selva & Tibell (Selva & Tibell
1999)
*epithallina Tibell
+exilis Tibell (Selva & Tibell 1999)
+haematopus Tibell (Selva & Tibell 1999)
+irregularis Titov (Selva & Tibell 1999)
+nana Tibell
*nigra
Tibell (tentative record, Harris & Lendemer 2005)
+norstictica R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
*ochroleuca (Körber) Tibell & K. Ryman (Selva & Tibell
1999)
*pilosa Tibell & Kalb (Harris 1995a)
#pusilla (Ach.) A. F. W. Schmidt Syns.: Calicium
pusillum, C. floerkei, C. subpusillum, C. asikkalense
#pusiola (Ach.) Vainio Syns.: Calicium pusiolum,
Mycocalicium pusiolum
+rappii (Nádv.) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
+rubescens Vainio
*rubina Tibell (Peterson & Rikkinen 1999)
+savonica (Räsänen) Tibell Syns.: Mycocalicium
savonicum, Chaenotheca savonica
+sitchensis Rikkinen (Rikkinen 1999)
*subparoica (Nyl.) Tibell (Peterson & Rikkinen 1999)
+tasmanica Tibell (Selva & Tibell 1999)
+thujae Rikkinen (Selva & Tibell 1999)
+tsugae Rikkinen (Rikkinen 1999)
+ussuriensis Titov (Peterson & Rikkinen 1999)
*viridialba (Kremp.) A. F. W. Schmidt
#viridireagens (Nádv.) A. F. W. Schmidt
#lignicola (Nádv.) A. F. W. Schmidt = C. pusiola
#subpusilla (Vainio) Tibell = C. pusilla
CHAPSA A. Massal. (Frisch 2006)
alborosella (Nyl.) A. Frisch Syns.: Ocellularia alborosella, Thelotrema
alborosellum (Frisch 2006)
leprocarpa (Nyl.) A. Frisch Syns.: Graphina leptocarpa, Thelotrema
leptocarpum (Frisch 2006)
platycarpa (Tuck.) A. Frisch Syns.: Thelotrema platycarpoides, T.
platycarpum (Frisch 2006)
CHEIROMYCINA B. Sutton
flabelliformis B. Sutton (Tønsberg 2002)
CHIODECTON Ach.
malmei Thor
ochroleucum Zahlbr.
subochroleucum Fink
californicum Tuck. = Llimonaea californica
inscriptum (Nyl.) Fink = Sclerophyton inscriptum
montagnaei Tuck. = Cryptothecia striata
perplexum Nyl. = Syncesia graphica (Tehler 1996)
rubrocinctum (Ehrenb. : Fr.) Nyl. = Cryptothecia rubrocincta
sanguineum (Sw.) Vainio = Cryptothecia rubrocincta
sphaerale Ach. Misidentifications for North America (Harris 1995a)
CHIONOSPHAERA Cox
*apobasidialis Cox (According to Diederich [1996,
and pers. comm.], only non-lichenicolous specimens are known
for North America, and the lichenicolous specimens from Europe may represent a
distinct species.)
CHRISMOFULVEA Marbach
dialyta (Nyl.) Marbach Syn.: Buellia dialyta (Marbach 2000)
pinastri (Erichsen) Marbach Syn.: Buellia pinastri (Marbach
2000)
rubifaciens (R. C. Harris) Marbach Syn.: Buellia rubifaciens
(Marbach 2000)
CHROMATOCHLAMYS Trevisan = THELENELLA Nyl.
muscorum (Fr.) H. Mayrh. & Poelt var.
muscorum = Thelenella muscorum
muscorum var. octospora (Nyl.) H. Mayrh. &
Poelt = Thelenella muscorum var. octosporum
CHRYSOPSORA M. Choisy
testacea (Hoffm.) M. Choisy = Protoblastenia testacea , but not in North
American flora.
CHRYSOTHRIX Mont.
candelaris (L.) J. R. Laundon Syns.: Lepraria candelaris, L.
flava, L. citrina sens. lat.
chlorina (Ach.) J. R. Laundon Syn.: Lepraria chlorina
chrysophthalma (P. James) P. James & J. R. Laundon
(Tønsberg 2002)
flavovirens Tønsberg (Harris &
Lendemer 2005)
granulosa G. Thor (Tønsberg
2004a)
insulizans R. C. Harris & Ladd (Harris & Ladd 2008)
onokoensis (Wolle) R. C. Harris
& Ladd (Harris & Ladd 2008)
xanthina (Vainio) Kalb (Harris &
Ladd 2008)
CIPOSIA Marbach
wheeleri (R. C. Harris) Marbach Syn.: Buellia wheeleri
(Marbach 2000)
CLADIDIUM Hafellner
bolanderi (Tuck.) B. D. Ryan Syns: Lecanora thamnitis, L.
bolanderi
thamnitis (Tuck.) Hafellner = C. bolanderi
CLADINA Nyl. = CLADONIA (Ahti
& DePriest 2001)
aberrans (Abbayes) Hale & Culb. = Cladonia stellaris var. aberrans
alpestris (L.) Nyl. = Cladonia stellaris
arbuscula (Wallr.) Hale & Culb. = Cladonia arbuscula
arbuscula subsp. beringiana (Ahti) N. S. Golubk. = Cladonia arbuscula subsp.
beringiana
beringiana (Ahti) Trass = Cladonia arbuscula subsp. beringiana
ciliata (Stirton) Trass var. ciliata = Cladonia ciliata var. ciliata
ciliata var. tenuis (Flörke) Ahti & M. J. Lai = Cladonia ciliata var.
tenuis
conspicua Ahti = Cladonia conspicua
evansii (Abbayes) Hale & Culb. = Cladonia evansii
impexa B. de Lesd. = Cladonia portentosa
leucophaea (Abbayes) Hale & Culb. = Cladonia ciliata var. ciliata
mitis (Sandst.) Hustich = Cladonia mitis
pacifica (Ahti) Hale & Culb. = Cladonia portentosa subsp. pacifica
portentosa (Dufour) Follmann = Cladonia portentosa
portentosa subsp. pacifica (Ahti) Ahti = Cladonia portentosa subsp. pacifica
portentosa subsp. pacifica f. decolorans (Ahti) Ahti = Cladonia portentosa
subsp. pacifica f. decolorans
pseudoëvansii (Asahina) Hale & Culb. = Cladonia pseudoevansii
rangiferina (L.) Nyl. = Cladonia rangiferina
sandstedei (Abbayes) Ahti = Cladonia sandstedei
stellaris (Opiz) Brodo = Cladonia alpestris
stellaris var. aberrans (Abbayes) Ahti = Cladonia stellaris var. aberrans
stygia (Fr.) Ahti = Cladonia stygia
submitis (A. Evans) Hale & Culb. = Cladonia submitis
subtenuis (Abbayes) Hale & Culb. = Cladonia subtenuis
subtenuis f. cinerea (Ahti) Ahti = Cladonia subtenuis f. cinerea
tenuis (Flörke) Hale & Culb. = Cladonia ciliata var. tenuis
terrae-novae (Ahti) Hale & Culb. = Cladonia terrae-novae
CLADONIA P. Browne
abbreviatula G. Merr.
acuminata (Ach.) Norrlin
alaskana A. Evans
albonigra Brodo & Ahti (Brodo & Ahti 1996)
amaurocraea (Flörke) Schaerer
andereggii S. Hammer
anitae Culb. & C. Culb.
apodocarpa Robbins
arbuscula (Wallr.) Flotow Syn.: Cladina arbuscula
arbuscula subsp. beringiana Ahti Syn.:
Cladina arbuscula subsp. beringiana
artuata S. Hammer
asahinae J. W. Thomson
atlantica A. Evans
bacilliformis (Nyl.) Glück
beaumontii (Tuck.) Vainio
bellidiflora (Ach.) Schaerer
borealis S. Stenroos
boryi Tuck.
botryocarpa G. Merr.
botrytes (K. G. Hagen) Willd.
brevis (Sandst.) Sandst.
buckii R. C. Harris
caespiticia (Pers.) Flörke
cariosa (Ach.) Sprengel
carneola (Fr.) Fr.
caroliniana Tuck.
cenotea (Ach.) Schaerer
cervicornis (Ach.) Flotow subsp. cervicornis
cervicornis subsp. verticillata (Hoffm.) | |
